{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T02:38:44Z","timestamp":1790995124002,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,6]]},"DOI":"10.1097\/nmd.0b013e3180302af6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,5]],"date-time":"2007-06-05T08:02:01Z","timestamp":1181030521000},"page":"492-496","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Seclusion and Restraint in Patients With Schizophrenia"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"195","author":[{"given":"Tilman","family":"Steinert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriele","family":"Bergbauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Schmid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ralf Peter","family":"Gebhardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-5-20210208","first-page":"367","article-title":"Hospital characteristics, diagnoses and staff reasons associated with use of seclusion and restraint.","volume":"44","author":"Betemps","year":"1993","journal-title":"Hosp Comm Psychiatry"},{"key":"R2-5-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.2490080106","article-title":"The development of a clinician-administered PTSD scale.","volume":"8","author":"Blake","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Trauma Stress"},{"key":"R3-5-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1022243423121","article-title":"Organisational features affecting the use of coercion in the administration of psychiatric care.","volume":"25","author":"Cope","year":"1998","journal-title":"Adm Policy Ment Health"},{"key":"R4-5-20210208","first-page":"930","article-title":"DGPPN-Empfehlung zur psychiatrischen Basisdokumentation (BADO). (DGPPN recommendation for basic psychiatric documentation).","volume":"68","author":"Cording","year":"1997","journal-title":"Der Nervenarzt"},{"key":"R5-5-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1176\/ps.46.10.1026","article-title":"A national survey on seclusion and restraint in state psychiatric hospitals.","volume":"46","author":"Crenshaw","year":"1995","journal-title":"Psychiatr Serv"},{"key":"R6-5-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00794947","article-title":"Sexual victimization in women with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.","volume":"30","author":"Daves-Bornoz","year":"1995","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"},{"key":"R7-5-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-6163.1993.tb00416.x","article-title":"Nursing staff and unit characteristics: Do they affect the use of seclusion?","volume":"29","author":"de Cangas","year":"1993","journal-title":"Perspect Psychiatr Care"},{"key":"R8-5-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1614.2002.01003.x","article-title":"A study of the use of seclusion in an acute psychiatric service.","volume":"36","author":"El-Badri","year":"2002","journal-title":"Aust NZ J Psychiatry"},{"key":"R9-5-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1584","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.151.11.1584","article-title":"Restraint and seclusion: A review of the literature.","volume":"151","author":"Fisher","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"R10-5-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.9.4.445","article-title":"The validation of a self-report measure of posttraumatic stress disorder: The Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale.","volume":"9","author":"Foa","year":"1997","journal-title":"Psychol Assess"},{"key":"R11-5-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.56.9.1123","article-title":"Patients\u2019 reports of traumatic or harmful experiences within the psychiatric setting.","volume":"56","author":"Frueh","year":"2005","journal-title":"Psychiatr Serv"},{"key":"R12-5-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/23.4.685","article-title":"Physical and sexual assault history in women with serious mental illness: Prevalence, correlates, treatment and further research directions.","volume":"23","author":"Goodman","year":"1997","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Bull"},{"key":"R13-5-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1024708916143","article-title":"Reliability of reports on violent victimization and posttraumatic stress disorder among men and women with serious mental illness.","volume":"12","author":"Goodman","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Trauma Stress"},{"key":"R14-5-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.184.3.258","article-title":"Management of psychiatric in-patient violence: Patient ethnicity and use of medication, restraint and seclusion.","volume":"184","author":"Gudjonsson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"R15-5-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1177\/070674378402900207","article-title":"Robert Gardiner Hill and the non-restraint movement.","volume":"29","author":"Jones","year":"1984","journal-title":"Can J Psychiatry"},{"key":"R16-5-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/13.2.261","article-title":"The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia.","volume":"13","author":"Kay","year":"1987","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"key":"R17-5-20210208","first-page":"39","article-title":"Psychiatric commitment: Patients\u2019 perspectives.","volume":"22","author":"L\u00e4ngle","year":"2003","journal-title":"Med Law"},{"key":"R18-5-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-199906000-00003","article-title":"Post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms related to psychosis and acute involuntary hospitalisation in schizophrenic and delusional patients.","volume":"187","author":"Meyer","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Nerv Ment Dis"},{"key":"R19-5-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-9964(01)00173-6","article-title":"Trauma, PTSD and the course of severe mental disorder: An interactive model.","volume":"53","author":"Mueser","year":"2002","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"R20-5-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.66.3.493","article-title":"Trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder in severe mental illness.","volume":"66","author":"Mueser","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"key":"R21-5-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.59.2.139","article-title":"Association between self-reported childhood sexual abuse and adverse psychosocial outcomes: Results from a twin study.","volume":"59","author":"Nelson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"R22-5-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.70.1.246","article-title":"Trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder in psychosis: Findings from a first-admission cohort.","volume":"70","author":"Neria","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"key":"R23-5-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-440X(98)90064-5","article-title":"Involuntary admission and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in schizophrenia patients.","volume":"39","author":"Priebe","year":"1998","journal-title":"Compr Psychiatry"},{"key":"R24-5-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.112.3.415","article-title":"Trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder in people with schizophrenia.","volume":"112","author":"Resnick","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Abnorm Psychol"},{"key":"R25-5-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.56.9.1134","article-title":"Consumers\u2019 perceptions of negative experiences and \u201csanctuary harm\u201d in psychiatric settings.","volume":"56","author":"Robins","year":"2005","journal-title":"Psychiatr Serv"},{"key":"R26-5-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1177\/002580249803800408","article-title":"Practice of seclusion: A five-year retrospective review in North Cheshire.","volume":"38","author":"Salib","year":"1998","journal-title":"Med Sci Law"},{"key":"R27-5-20210208","first-page":"652","article-title":"Seclusion and restraint in 1985. A review and update.","volume":"6","author":"Soloff","year":"1985","journal-title":"Hosp Comm Psychiatry"},{"key":"R28-5-20210208","first-page":"35","article-title":"Zwangsma\u00dfnahmen im psychiatrischen Krankenhaus: Ein Aspekt der Qualit\u00e4tssicherung.","volume":"27","author":"Steinert","year":"1998","journal-title":"Spektrum"},{"key":"R29-5-20210208","first-page":"282","article-title":"Erfolgen Zwangsma\u00dfnahmen willk\u00fcrlich?","volume":"27","author":"Steinert","year":"2000","journal-title":"Psychiat Prax"},{"key":"R31-5-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.62.8.911","article-title":"Crime victimization in adults with severe mental illness: Comparison with the National Crime Victimization Survey.","volume":"62","author":"Teplin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"R32-5-20210208","first-page":"1440","article-title":"Use of seclusion in a psychiatric acute inpatient unit.","volume":"12","author":"Tunde-Ayinmode","year":"2004","journal-title":"Austr Psychiatry"},{"key":"R33-5-20210208","first-page":"75","article-title":"Use of seclusion and restraint in public psychiatric hospitals: Patient characteristics and facility effects.","volume":"41","author":"Way","year":"1990","journal-title":"Hosp Comm Psychiatry"},{"key":"R34-5-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1080\/10683160500255372","article-title":"Interactional aspects of violent behaviour on acute psychiatric wards.","volume":"11","author":"Whittington","year":"2005","journal-title":"Psychol Crime Law"},{"key":"R35-5-20210208","article-title":"DSM-III-R, German Version (Diagnostisches und Statistisches Manual Psychischer St\u00f6rungen, DSM-III-R. Deutsche Bearbeitung und Einf\u00fchrung).","author":"Wittchen","year":"1991"}],"container-title":["Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.lww.com\/00005053-200706000-00005","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,10]],"date-time":"2021-04-10T06:39:14Z","timestamp":1618036754000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/00005053-200706000-00005"}},"subtitle":["Clinical and Biographical Correlates"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,6]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/nmd.0b013e3180302af6","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3018"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3018","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,6]]}}}