{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T20:26:38Z","timestamp":1792268798365,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":114,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,8]]},"DOI":"10.1097\/nmd.0b013e3181ea1fa9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,10]],"date-time":"2010-08-10T08:16:58Z","timestamp":1281428218000},"page":"529-538","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":106,"title":["The Mental Health Impact of Volunteering in a Disaster Setting"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"198","author":[{"given":"Sigridur Bjork","family":"Thormar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Berthold Paul Rudolf","family":"Gersons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Juen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adelheid","family":"Marschang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Nelden","family":"Djakababa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miranda","family":"Olff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-1-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.159.4.547","article-title":"Reactions of police officers to body handling after a major disaster: A before and after comparison.","volume":"159","author":"Alexander","year":"1991","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"R2-1-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2005.01.005","article-title":"One year follow up study of posttraumatic stress disorder among earthquake surivors in Turkey.","volume":"46","author":"Altindag","year":"2005","journal-title":"Compr Psychiatry"},{"key":"R3-1-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2007.01.005","article-title":"Adverse childhood experiences and prescribed psychotropic medications in adults.","volume":"32","author":"Anda","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"R4-1-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2007.06091491","article-title":"Delayed-onset posttraumatic stress disorder: A systematic review of the evidence.","volume":"164","author":"Andrews","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"R5-1-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1017\/S1049023X00003630","article-title":"Frequency of post-traumatic stress disorder among relief force workers after the tsunami in Asia: Do rescuers become victims?","volume":"21","author":"Armagan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Prehosp Disaster Med"},{"key":"R6-1-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a009585","article-title":"Long term mortality and morbidity related to degree of damage following the 1988 earthquake in Armenia.","volume":"148","author":"Armenian","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"R7-1-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1093\/jurban\/79.3.373","article-title":"Risk factors for depression in the survivors of the 1988 earthquake in Armenia.","volume":"79","author":"Armenian","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Urban Health"},{"key":"R8-1-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-198906000-00001","article-title":"The impact of a military air disaster on the health of assistance workers.","volume":"177","author":"Bartone","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Nerv Ment Dis"},{"key":"R9-1-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1023\/B:JOTS.0000022619.31615.e8","article-title":"Prevalance of posttraumatic stress disorder and comorbid depression in earthquake survivors in Turkey: An epidemiological study.","volume":"17","author":"Basoglu","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Trauma Stress"},{"key":"R10-1-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.109.066266","article-title":"TENTS guidelines: Development of post-disaster psychosocial care guidelines through a Delphi process.","volume":"196","author":"Bisson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"R11-1-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-199601000-00004","article-title":"Long term psychological effects of natural disasters.","volume":"58","author":"Bland","year":"1997","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"key":"R12-1-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9450.2004.00373.x","article-title":"Psychological reactions in Icelandic earthquake survivors.","volume":"45","author":"B\u00f6\u0111varsd\u00f3ttir","year":"2004","journal-title":"Scand J Psychol"},{"key":"R13-1-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2005.03.009","article-title":"Posttraumatic stress disorder and mortality among US Army veterans 30 years after military service.","volume":"16","author":"Boscarino","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"key":"R14-1-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02884839","article-title":"Electrocardiogram abnormalities among men with stress-related psychiatric disorders: Implications for coronary heart disease and clinical research.","volume":"21","author":"Boscarino","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann Behav Med"},{"key":"R15-1-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.68.5.748","article-title":"Meta-analysis of risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder in trauma exposed adults.","volume":"68","author":"Brewin","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"key":"R16-1-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-003-0619-2","article-title":"Prevalance of psychiatric disorder following the 1998 Yun Nan (China) earthquake: The first 5-months period.","volume":"38","author":"Cao","year":"2003","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"},{"key":"R17-1-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0361-3666.2005.00278.x","article-title":"The mental health of expatriate and Kosovar Albanian humanitarian aid workers.","volume":"29","author":"Cardozo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Disasters"},{"key":"R18-1-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.2490100213","article-title":"Stress reactions in disaster victims following the Bijlmeer plane crash.","volume":"10","author":"Carlier","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Trauma Stress"},{"key":"R19-1-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1700(199807)14:3<143::AID-SMI770>3.0.CO;2-S","article-title":"Disaster related post-traumatic stress in police officers: A field study of the impact of debriefing.","volume":"14","author":"Carlier","year":"1998","journal-title":"Stress Med"},{"key":"R20-1-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1017\/S003329179600428X","article-title":"Psychosocial sequelae of the 1989 Newcastle earthquake. III. Role of vulnerability factors in post-disaster morbidity.","volume":"27","author":"Carr","year":"1997","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"R21-1-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.56.2.267","article-title":"Assessing coping strategies: A theoretically based approach.","volume":"56","author":"Carver","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Pers Soc Psychol"},{"key":"R22-1-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20056","article-title":"Identification and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in rescue workers in the Marmara, Turkey, earthquake.","volume":"18","author":"Cetin","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Trauma Stress"},{"key":"R23-1-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-200306000-00007","article-title":"Posttraumatic distress and coping strategies among rescue workers after an earthquake.","volume":"191","author":"Chang","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Nerv Ment Dis"},{"key":"R24-1-20210208","first-page":"2005","article-title":"Available at: .","volume":"9","year":"","journal-title":"Accessed December"},{"key":"R25-1-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.2490030406","article-title":"Social support and psychological symptomatology following a natural disaster.","volume":"3","author":"Cook","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Trauma Stress"},{"key":"R27-1-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20429","article-title":"The lifetime prevalence of traumatic events and posttraumatic stress disorder in the Netherlands.","volume":"22","author":"De Vries","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Trauma Stress"},{"key":"R28-1-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-7-173","article-title":"Use of mental health services among disaster survivors: Predisposing factors.","volume":"7","author":"Den Ouden","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"R29-1-20210208","article-title":"SCL-90-R: Administration, Scoring and Procedures Manual\u2014II.","author":"Derogatis","year":"1983"},{"key":"R30-1-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-006-9147-1","article-title":"Symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder in a New Orleans workforce following Hurrican Andrew.","volume":"84","author":"DeSalvo","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Urban Health"},{"key":"R31-1-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.105.017855","article-title":"Risk factors for psychological and physical health problems after a man-made disaster.","volume":"189","author":"Dirkzwager","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"R32-1-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlr.0000215924.21326.37","article-title":"Disaster and subsequent healthcare utilization. A longitudinal study among victims, their family members, and control subjects.","volume":"44","author":"Dorn","year":"2006","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"R33-1-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20328","article-title":"A cohort study of the long term impact of a fire disaster on the physical and mental health of adolescents.","volume":"21","author":"Dorn","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Trauma Stress"},{"key":"R34-1-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1037\/h0080194","article-title":"Childhood physical assault as a risk factor for PTSD, depression and substance abuse: Findings from a national survey.","volume":"66","author":"Duncan","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Orthopsychiatry"},{"key":"R35-1-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.2490090310","article-title":"Voluntary and professional disaster workers: Similarities and differences in reactions.","volume":"9","author":"Dyregrov","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Trauma Stress"},{"key":"R36-1-20210208","first-page":"2007","article-title":"Brussels: The OFDA\/CRED International Disaster Database Universite Catholique de Louvain. Available at: .","volume":"3","year":"","journal-title":"Acessed May"},{"key":"R37-1-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1097\/01.NMD.0000061882.71610.D9","article-title":"Posttraumatic stress disorder and occupational disability in South African Security Force members.","volume":"191","author":"Emsley","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Nerv Ment Dis"},{"key":"R38-1-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.155.7.934","article-title":"Posttraumatic stress disorder following an air disaster: A prospective study.","volume":"155","author":"Epstein","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"R39-1-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.149.7.965","article-title":"Somatic symptoms after a natural disaster: A prospective study.","volume":"149","author":"Escobar","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"R40-1-20210208","first-page":"161","article-title":"The modified PTSD symptom scale: A brief self-report measure of posttraumatic stress disorder.","volume":"16","author":"Falsetti","year":"1993","journal-title":"Behav Therapist"},{"key":"R41-1-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1097\/01.nmd.0000117590.81374.7c","article-title":"Surviving the Vajont disaster: Psychiatric consequences 36 years later.","volume":"192","author":"Favaro","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Nerv Ment Dis"},{"key":"R42-1-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-3797(98)00017-8","article-title":"Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults. The Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study.","volume":"14","author":"Felitti","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"R43-1-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2007.04.002","article-title":"Social support and posttraumatic stress disorder among flood victims in Hunan, China.","volume":"17","author":"Feng","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"key":"R44-1-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.2490030409","article-title":"Social support and psychological trauma: A methodological review.","volume":"3","author":"Flannery","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Trauma Stress"},{"key":"R45-1-20210208","article-title":"Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the general population [dissertation]. Comprehensive summaries of Uppsala dissertations from the Faculty of Social Sciences 129.","author":"Frans","year":"2003"},{"key":"R46-1-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1370","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.161.8.1370","article-title":"Acute stress disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder and depression in disaster or rescue workers.","volume":"161","author":"Fullerton","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"R47-1-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700021644","article-title":"A scaled version of the General Health Questionnaire.","volume":"9","author":"Goldberg","year":"1979","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"R48-1-20210208","first-page":"101","article-title":"Aging and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder","author":"Green","year":"1996"},{"key":"R49-1-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007758711939","article-title":"Outcomes of single versus multiple trauma exposure in a screening sample.","volume":"13","author":"Green","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Trauma Stress"},{"key":"R50-1-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2004.03.009","article-title":"Posttraumatic stress disorder among professional and non-professional rescuers involved in an earthquake in Taiwan.","volume":"127","author":"Guo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"R51-1-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20055","article-title":"Psychological consequences of the Bam Earthquake on professional and non-professional helpers.","volume":"18","author":"Hagh-Shenas","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Trauma Stress"},{"key":"R52-1-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-197905000-00004","article-title":"Impact of Event Scale: A measure of subjective stress.","volume":"41","author":"Horowitz","year":"1979","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"key":"R53-1-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.181.5.433","article-title":"Survivors of the Piper Alpha oil platform disaster: Long-term follow-up study.","volume":"181","author":"Hull","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"R56-1-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1177\/153476560501100409","article-title":"Post-traumatic growth among Marmara Earthquake survivors involved in disaster preparedness as volunteers.","volume":"11","author":"Karanci","year":"2005","journal-title":"Traumatology"},{"key":"R57-1-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-7717.1995.tb00328.x","article-title":"Psychological consequences of the 1992 Erzincan (Turkey) earthquake.","volume":"19","author":"Karanci","year":"1995","journal-title":"Disasters"},{"key":"R58-1-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-1781(02)00110-5","article-title":"Research on psychiatric outcomes and interventions subsequent to disasters: A review of the literature.","volume":"110","author":"Katz","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"R59-1-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.56.1.85","article-title":"Mississippi scale for combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder: Three studies in reliability and validity.","volume":"56","author":"Keane","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"key":"R60-1-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1995.03950240066012","article-title":"Posttraumatic stress disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey.","volume":"52","author":"Kessler","year":"1995","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"R61-1-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1590\/S1020-49892005000900009","article-title":"Psychological and psychopathological reactions in Honduras following Hurricane Mitch: Implications for service planning.","volume":"18","author":"Kohn","year":"2005a","journal-title":"Rev Panam Salud Publica"},{"key":"R62-1-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.1369","article-title":"Prevalence, risk factors and aging vulnerability for psychopathology following a natural disaster in a developing country.","volume":"20","author":"Kohn","year":"2005b","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"R63-1-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.64.1.109","article-title":"Prospective study of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and coronary heart disease in the Normative Aging Study.","volume":"64","author":"Kubzansky","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"R64-1-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.64.12.1393","article-title":"Emotional vitality and incident coronary heart disease: Benefits of healthy psychological functioning.","volume":"64","author":"Kubzansky","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"R65-1-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.54.2.249","article-title":"Prevalence of psychiatric disorders among bereaved survivors of a disastrous earthquake in Taiwan.","volume":"54","author":"Kuo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychiatr Serv"},{"key":"R66-1-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2004.11.012","article-title":"Posttraumatic symptoms were worst among quake victims with injuries following the Chi-Chi quake in Taiwan.","volume":"62","author":"Kuo","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"key":"R67-1-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1159\/000012292","article-title":"Psychiatric syndromes in Persian Gulf War veterans: An association of handling dead bodies with somatoform disorders.","volume":"67","author":"Labbate","year":"1998","journal-title":"Psychother Psychosom"},{"key":"R68-1-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2003.08.005","article-title":"Full and partial PTSD among earthquake survivors in rural Taiwan.","volume":"38","author":"Lai","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"R69-1-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0b013e31816a62c6","article-title":"The psychological impact of a catastrophic earthquake.","volume":"196","author":"Lazaratou","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Nerv Ment Dis"},{"key":"R70-1-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.3109\/00048679809062701","article-title":"Recovery from post-earthquake psychological morbidity: Who suffers and who recovers?","volume":"32","author":"Lewin","year":"1998","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Psychiatry"},{"key":"R71-1-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2006.05.022","article-title":"Psychological distress among American Red Cross disaster workers responding to the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001.","volume":"149","author":"Long","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"R72-1-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-1781(01)00325-0","article-title":"Pre- and post-disaster negative life events in relation to the incidence and severity of post-traumatic stress disorder.","volume":"105","author":"Maes","year":"2001","journal-title":"Psychiatric Res"},{"issue":"suppl 7","key":"R73-1-20210208","first-page":"94","article-title":"Characteristics of emergency services personnel related to peritraumatic dissociation during critical incident exposure.","volume":"153","author":"Marmar","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"R74-1-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00789038","article-title":"Psychiatric morbidity following a natural disaster: An Australian bushfire.","volume":"32","author":"McFarlane","year":"1997","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"},{"key":"R75-1-20210208","article-title":"Treating PTSD: A Handbook and Practice Manual for Therapy.","author":"Michenbaum","year":"1997"},{"key":"R76-1-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1177\/1359105304040890","article-title":"We will never ever forget: The Swissair flight 111 disaster and its impact on volunteers and community's.","volume":"9","author":"Mitchell","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Health Psychol"},{"key":"R77-1-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-5-4","article-title":"Psychological distress among Bam earthquake survivors in Iran: A population based study.","volume":"5","author":"Montazeri","year":"2005","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"R78-1-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.060626","article-title":"The influence of a disaster on the health of rescue workers: A longitudinal study.","volume":"176","author":"Morren","year":"2007","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"R79-1-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1539\/joh.47.523","article-title":"The health of volunteer firefighters three years after a technological disaster.","volume":"47","author":"Morren","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Occup Health"},{"key":"R80-1-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1080\/10615800290007308","article-title":"Trauma-related emotional patterns and their association with post-traumatic and somatic symptoms.","volume":"15","author":"N\u00e4\u00e4t\u00e4nen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Anxiety Stress Coping"},{"key":"R81-1-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1521\/psyc.65.3.207.20173","article-title":"60,000 disaster victims speak: Part I. An emperical review of the empirical literature, 1981\u20132001.","volume":"65","author":"Norris","year":"2002a","journal-title":"Psychiatry"},{"key":"R82-1-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1521\/psyc.65.3.240.20169","article-title":"Summary and implications of the disaster mental health research.","volume":"65","author":"Norris","year":"2002b","journal-title":"Psychiatry"},{"key":"R83-1-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.282.8.755","article-title":"Psychiatric disorders among survivors of the Oklahoma city bombing.","volume":"282","author":"North","year":"1999","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"R84-1-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.186.6.487","article-title":"Comparison of post-disaster psychiatric disorders after terrorist bombings in Nairobi and Oklahoma City.","volume":"186","author":"North","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"R85-1-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.159.5.857","article-title":"Psychiatric disorders in rescue workers after the Oklahoma city bombing.","volume":"159","author":"North","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"R86-1-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2004.12.006","article-title":"Effects of appraisal and coping on the neuroendocrine response to extreme stress.","volume":"29","author":"Olff","year":"2005a","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"R87-1-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2005.04.009","article-title":"The psychobiology of PTSD: Coping with trauma.","volume":"30","author":"Olff","year":"2005b","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"R88-1-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.133.2.183","article-title":"Gender differences in post-traumatic stress disorder.","volume":"133","author":"Olff","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"R89-1-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.129.1.52","article-title":"Predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder and symptoms in adults: A meta-analysis.","volume":"129","author":"Ozer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"R90-1-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-6494.1996.tb00815.x","article-title":"Assessment and prediction of stress-related growth.","volume":"64","author":"Park","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Pers"},{"key":"R91-1-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.2490070208","article-title":"Disaster relief work: An assessment of training effectiveness.","volume":"7","author":"Paton","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Trauma Stress"},{"key":"R92-1-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1177\/153476560501100411","article-title":"Posttraumatic growth in protective service professionals: Individual, cognitive and organisational influences.","volume":"11","author":"Paton","year":"2005","journal-title":"Traumatology"},{"key":"R93-1-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2007.06101645","article-title":"Differences in PTSD prevalence and associated risk factors among world trade center disaster rescue and recovery workers.","volume":"164","author":"Perrin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"R94-1-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/S0962-1849(05)80055-1","article-title":"Long term correlates of child sexual abuse: Theory and review of the empirical literature.","volume":"4","author":"Polusny","year":"1995","journal-title":"Appl Prev Psychol"},{"key":"R95-1-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20281","article-title":"PTSD symptom clusters associated with physical health and health care utilization in rural primary care patients exposed to natural disaster.","volume":"21","author":"Polusny","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Trauma Stress"},{"key":"R96-1-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(86)90143-9","article-title":"Anxiety sensitivity, anxiety frequency and the prediction of fearfulness.","volume":"24","author":"Reiss","year":"1986","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"R97-1-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1080\/08039480252803855","article-title":"Stress reactions in police officers after a disaster rescue operation.","volume":"56","author":"Renck","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nord J Psychiatry"},{"key":"R98-1-20210208","first-page":"295","article-title":"Physical health and post-traumatic stress disorder: Review and synthesis.","volume":"4","author":"Schnurr","year":"1999","journal-title":"Semin Clin Neuropsychiatry"},{"key":"R99-1-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-199809000-00002","article-title":"Physical symptom trajectories following trauma exposure: Longitudinal findings from the normative aging study.","volume":"186","author":"Schnurr","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Nerv Ment Dis"},{"key":"R100-1-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2006.047456","article-title":"The effects of ill health on entering and maintaining paid employment: Evidence in European countries.","volume":"61","author":"Schuring","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health"},{"key":"R101-1-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-3182(90)72195-0","article-title":"Posttraumatic stress disorder, somatic comorbidity and effort tolerance.","volume":"31","author":"Shalev","year":"1990","journal-title":"Psychosomatics"},{"key":"R102-1-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-9536(01)00194-0","article-title":"The impact of the 9\u201321 earthquake experiences of Taiwanese nurses as rescuers.","volume":"55","author":"Shih","year":"2002","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"R103-1-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckm078","article-title":"Use of health care and drugs by police officers 8.5 years after the air disaster in Amsterdam.","volume":"18","author":"Slottje","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Public Health"},{"key":"R105-1-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1097\/01.psy.0000222367.88642.de","article-title":"Predictors of fatigue in rescue workers and residents in the aftermath of an aviation disaster: A longitudinal study.","volume":"68","author":"Spinhoven","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"key":"R106-1-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-006-9155-1","article-title":"Depressive symptoms among firefighters and related factors after the response to Hurricane Katrina.","volume":"84","author":"Tak","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Urban Health"},{"key":"R107-1-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-6-230","article-title":"Impaired psychological recovery in the elderly after the Niigata-Chuetsu earthquake in Japan: A population based study.","volume":"6","author":"Toyabe","year":"2006","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"R108-1-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(83)91439-3","article-title":"Psychological stress and fatal heart attack: The Athens (1981) earthquake natural experiment.","volume":"26","author":"Trichopoulos","year":"1983","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R109-1-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1007\/s10960-004-5793-9","article-title":"Psychological consequences of the 1999 earthquake in Turkey.","volume":"17","author":"Tural","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Trauma Stress"},{"key":"R110-1-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-199006000-00010","article-title":"The nature of a traumatic stressor: Handling dead bodies.","volume":"178","author":"Ursano","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Nerv Ment Dis"},{"key":"R111-1-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-199501000-00007","article-title":"Longitudinal assessment of post-traumatic stress disorder and depression following exposure to traumatic death.","volume":"183","author":"Ursano","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Nerv Ment Dis"},{"key":"R112-1-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.156.3.353","article-title":"Posttraumatic stress disorder and identification in disaster workers.","volume":"156","author":"Ursano","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"R113-1-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1007\/s10488-005-0027-x","article-title":"Post-disaster mental health problems and the utilization of mental health services: A four-year longitudinal comparative study.","volume":"33","author":"Van der Velden","year":"2006","journal-title":"Adm Policy Ment Health"},{"key":"R114-1-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-7717.2008.01039.x","article-title":"Psychological consequences among adults following the 1999 earthquake in Athens, Greece.","volume":"32","author":"Varela","year":"2008","journal-title":"Disasters"},{"key":"R115-1-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1819.2000.00732.x","article-title":"Post-earthquake quality of life and psychological well-being: Longitudinal evaluation in a rural community sample in northern China.","volume":"54","author":"Wang","year":"2000","journal-title":"Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"R117-1-20210208","first-page":"399","article-title":"Assessing Psychological Trauma and PTSD","author":"Weiss","year":"1997"},{"key":"R119-1-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1097\/01.nmd.0000252010.19753.19","article-title":"Psychological distress of rescue workers eight and one-half years after professional involvement in the Amsterdam air disaster.","volume":"195","author":"Witteveen","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Nerv Ment Dis"},{"key":"R121-1-20210208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-8343(03)00022-7","article-title":"Psychiatric morbidity and posttraumatic symptoms among earthquake victims in primary care clinics.","volume":"25","author":"Yang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gen Hosp Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Journal of Nervous &amp; Mental Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.1097\/NMD.0b013e3181ea1fa9","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T18:29:28Z","timestamp":1786040968000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/00005053-201008000-00001"}},"subtitle":["A Review"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,8]]},"references-count":114,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/nmd.0b013e3181ea1fa9","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3018"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3018","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,8]]}}}