{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T11:48:40Z","timestamp":1789386520812,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":112,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,11]]},"DOI":"10.1097\/nrl.0b013e318239669f","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,1]],"date-time":"2011-11-01T07:43:34Z","timestamp":1320133414000},"page":"S9-S17","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Nonmotor Disorders and Their Correlation With Dopamine"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Juan Carlos","family":"Martinez-Castrillo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lydia","family":"Vela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"del Val","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Araceli","family":"Alonso-Canovas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-4-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1521","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1020923919560","article-title":"Influence of repeated levodopa administration on rabbit striatal serotonin metabolism, and comparison between striatal and CSF alterations.","volume":"23","author":"Loeffler","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neurochem Res"},{"key":"R2-4-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2008.07.021","article-title":"Evidence of dopamine dysfunction in the hypothalamus of patients with Parkinsons disease: an in vivo 11C-raclopride study.","volume":"214","author":"Politis","year":"2008","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"R3-4-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(09)70068-7","article-title":"Non-motor symptoms of Parkinsons disease: dopaminergic pathophysiology and treatment.","volume":"8","author":"Chaudhuri","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"R4-4-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(06)70373-8","article-title":"Non-motor symptoms of Parkinsons disease: diagnosis and management.","volume":"5","author":"Chaudhuri","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"R5-4-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181d55f24","article-title":"Practice parameter: treatment of nonmotor symptoms of Parkinson disease. Report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology.","volume":"74","author":"Zesiewicz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"R7-4-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.59.3.408","article-title":"Nonmotor fluctuations in Parkinsons disease: frequent and disabling.","volume":"59","author":"Witjas","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"R8-4-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-3787(07)91470-8","article-title":"Non-motor fluctuations in Parkinsons disease.","volume":"163","author":"Witjas","year":"2007","journal-title":"Rev Neurol"},{"key":"R9-4-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1729","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21602","article-title":"Effects of chronic subthalamic stimulation on nonmotor fluctuations in Parkinsons Disease.","volume":"22","author":"Witjas","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"R10-4-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20383","article-title":"Identification of motor and nonmotor wearing-off in Parkinsons disease: comparison of a patient questionnaire versus a clinician assessment.","volume":"20","author":"Stacy","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"R11-4-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1468","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22596","article-title":"Intrajejunal levodopa infusion in Parkinsons disease: a pilot multicentre study of effects on non-motor symptoms and quality of life.","volume":"24","author":"Honig","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"R12-4-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1294","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.74.9.1294","article-title":"Acetylcholinesterase inhibition: a novel approach in the treatment of neurogenic orthostatic hypotension.","volume":"74","author":"Singer","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"R13-4-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1177\/1756285609348902","article-title":"Treatment of dysautonomia in extrapyramidal disorders.","volume":"3","author":"Ziemssen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ther Adv Neurol Disord"},{"key":"R14-4-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1007\/s10286-005-0253-z","article-title":"Symptoms of autonomic failure in Parkinsons disease: prevalence and impact on daily life.","volume":"15","author":"Magerkurth","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Auton Res"},{"key":"R16-4-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20867","article-title":"Bladder dysfunction in Parkinsonism: mechanisms, prevalence, symptoms, and management.","volume":"21","author":"Winge","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"R17-4-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(88)90932-4","article-title":"Role of subcutaneous apomorphine in parkinsonian voiding dysfunction.","volume":"2","author":"Christmas","year":"1988","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R18-4-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(24)37579-2","article-title":"Therapeutic effects of dopamine D1D2 receptor agonists on detrusor hyperreflexia in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-lesioned parkinsonian cynomolgus monkeys.","volume":"286","author":"Yoshimura","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"R19-4-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.10403","article-title":"Short-term effect of a single levodopa dose on micturition disturbance in Parkinsons disease patients with the wearing-off phenomenon.","volume":"18","author":"Uchiyama","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"R20-4-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.1930110509","article-title":"Dopamine D1 receptor mediated inhibition of micturition reflex by central dopamine from the substantia nigra.","volume":"11","author":"Yoshimura","year":"1992","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"key":"R21-4-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1002\/1520-6777(2001)20:1<105::AID-NAU12>3.0.CO;2-9","article-title":"Role of dopamine D1 and D1 receptors in the micturition reflex in conscious rats.","volume":"20","author":"Seki","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurourology Urodyn"},{"key":"R22-4-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1623","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21586","article-title":"Prevalence of non motor symptoms in Parkinsons disease in an international setting; study using non-motor symptoms questionnaire in 545 patients.","volume":"22","author":"Martinez-Martin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"R23-4-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.10806","article-title":"Effect of subthalamic deep brain stimulation on the function of the urinary bladder.","volume":"55","author":"Seif","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"R24-4-20210211","first-page":"609","article-title":"Effects of deep brain stimulation on urodynamic findings in patients with Parkinsons disease.","volume":"53","author":"Shimizu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hinyokika Kiyo"},{"key":"R25-4-20210211","first-page":"74","article-title":"Effects of rotigotine transdermal patch on early morning motor function, sleep quality and daytime sleepiness in patients with idiopathic disease results of a multicenter, multinational trial (abstract).","volume":"13","author":"Giladi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"R27-4-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2005.06.005","article-title":"Pathological hypersexuality predominantly linked to adjuvant dopamine agonist therapy in Parkinsons disease and multiple system atrophy.","volume":"11","author":"Klos","year":"2005","journal-title":"Park Relat Disord"},{"key":"R28-4-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870130326","article-title":"Apomorphine induced penile erections in Parkinsons disease.","volume":"13","author":"OSullivan","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"R29-4-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1159\/000052503","article-title":"Double blind crossover comparison of 3 mg apomorphine SL with placebo and with 4 mg apomorphine SL in male erectile dysfunction.","volume":"39","author":"Dula","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"R30-4-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.71.3.371","article-title":"Treatment of erectile dysfunction with sildenafil citrate (Viagra) in parkinsonism due to Parkinsons disease or multiple system atrophy with observations on orthostatic hypotension.","volume":"71","author":"Hussain","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"R31-4-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(95)92707-7","article-title":"Dopaminergic defect of enteric nervous system in Parkinsons disease patients with chronic constipation.","volume":"346","author":"Singharam","year":"1995","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R32-4-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.57.3.456","article-title":"Frequency of bowel movements and the future risk of Parkinsons disease.","volume":"57","author":"Abbott","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"R33-4-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410330512","article-title":"Defecatory function in Parkinsons disease: response to apomorphine.","volume":"33","author":"Edwards","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"R34-4-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21243","article-title":"Macrogol for the treatment of constipation in Parkinsons disease: a randomized placebo-controlled study.","volume":"22","author":"Zangaglia","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"R35-4-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2003.07514.x","article-title":"Treatment of outlet obstruction constipation in Parkinsons disease with botulinum neurotoxin A.","volume":"98","author":"Albanese","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"R36-4-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1881","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22705","article-title":"Major nutritional issues in the management of Parkinsons disease.","volume":"24","author":"Barichella","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"R37-4-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S224","DOI":"10.1016\/S1353-8020(09)70820-X","article-title":"Treatment of dysautonomia associated with Parkinsons disease.","volume":"3","author":"Mostile","year":"2009","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"key":"R38-4-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1543","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21428","article-title":"Nonpharmacological treatment, fludrocortisone and domperidone for orthostatic hypotension in Parkinsons disease.","volume":"22","author":"Schoffer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"R39-4-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1466","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.6203.1466","article-title":"Effects of indomethacin on postural hypotension in Parkinsonism.","volume":"2","author":"Abate","year":"1979","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"R40-4-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.51.1.120","article-title":"A double-blind, dose-response study of midodrine in neurogenic orthostatic hypotension.","volume":"51","author":"Wright","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"R41-4-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.61.9.1279","article-title":"A randomized trial of botulinum toxin A for treatment of drooling.","volume":"61","author":"Lipp","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"R42-4-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20793","article-title":"Botulinum toxin type A for drooling in Parkinsons disease: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study.","volume":"21","author":"Lagalla","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"R43-4-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000101713.81253.4C","article-title":"A double-blind placebo controlled trial of botulinum toxin B for sialorrhea in Parkinsons disease.","volume":"62","author":"Ondo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"R44-4-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1707","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000311390.87642.d8","article-title":"Assessment: Botulinum neurotoxin in the treatment of autonom disorders and pain (an evidence-based review). Report of the Therapeutics and Technology Assessment Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology.","volume":"70","author":"Naumann","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"R45-4-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2070","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21656","article-title":"Methylphenidate improves fatigue scores in Parkinson disease: a randomized controlled trial.","volume":"22","author":"Mendonca","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"R46-4-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1176\/jnp.3.3.243","article-title":"Apathy: a neuropsychiatric syndrome.","volume":"3","author":"Marin","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"R47-4-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2007.136895","article-title":"The nosological position of apathy in clinical practice.","volume":"79","author":"Starkstein","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"R48-4-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.73.6.636","article-title":"Apathy in Parkinsons disease.","volume":"73","author":"Pluck","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"R49-4-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2391","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22843","article-title":"Apathy may herald cognitive decline and dementia in Parkinsons disease.","volume":"24","author":"Dujardin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"R50-4-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-2236(00)01626-X","article-title":"Negative symptoms: the pathology of motivation and goal-directed behavior.","volume":"23","author":"Brown","year":"2000","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"R51-4-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2257","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3932(02)00108-2","article-title":"Motivation, reward and Parkinsons disease: influence of dopa therapy.","volume":"40","author":"Czernecki","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"R52-4-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awq032","article-title":"Non-motor dopamine withdrawal syndrome after surgery for Parkinsons disease: predictors and underlying mesolimbic denervation.","volume":"133","author":"Thobois","year":"2010","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"R53-4-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21949","article-title":"Apathy following subthalamic stimulation in Parkinsons disease: a dopamine responsive syndrome.","volume":"23","author":"Czernecki","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"R55-4-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.1993.tb04068.x","article-title":"Panic attacks in Parkinsons disease: a long-term complication of levodopa therapy.","volume":"87","author":"Vazquez","year":"1993","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"key":"R56-4-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1176\/jnp.8.4.383","article-title":"Anxiety and Parkinsons disease.","volume":"8","author":"Richard","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"R57-4-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.162.4.814-a","article-title":"Pramipexole, ropinirole, and mania in Parkinsons disease.","volume":"162","author":"Singh","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"R58-4-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21205","article-title":"Acute effects of immediate and controlled release levodopa on mood in Parkinsons disease: a double blind study.","volume":"22","author":"Kulisevsky","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"R59-4-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(08)70114-5","article-title":"Neuropsychological and psychiatric changes after deep brain stimulation for Parkinsons disease: a randomised, multicentre study.","volume":"7","author":"Witt","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"R60-4-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1729","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21602","article-title":"Effects of chronic subthalamic stimulation on non motor fluctuations in Parkinsons disease.","volume":"22","author":"Wijtas","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"R61-4-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.149.4.443","article-title":"Depression in Parkinsons disease.","volume":"149","author":"Cummings","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"R62-4-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000268695.63392.10","article-title":"The impact of depressive symptoms in early Parkinson disease.","volume":"69","author":"Ravina","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"R63-4-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1314","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh445","article-title":"Depression in Parkinsons disease: loss of dopamine and noradrenaline innervations in the limbic system.","volume":"128","author":"Remy","year":"2005","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"R64-4-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000215428.46057.3d","article-title":"Practice parameter: evaluation and treatment of depression, psychosis, and dementia in Parkinson disease (an evidence-based review) Report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology.","volume":"66","author":"Miyasaki","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"R65-4-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2008.02058.x","article-title":"Depressive symptoms in Parkinsons disease.","volume":"15","author":"Lemke","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"R66-4-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-1331.2003.00612.x","article-title":"Pramipexole and pergolide in the treatment of depression in Parkinsons disease: a national multicentre prospective randomized study.","volume":"10","author":"Rektorova","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"R67-4-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-006-0067-5","article-title":"Pramipexole versus sertraline in the treatment of depression in Parkinsons disease: a national multicenter parallel group randomized study.","volume":"253","author":"Barone","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"R68-4-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1108","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000258660.74391.c1","article-title":"Ropinirole 24-hour prolonged release: randomized, controlled study in advanced Parkinson disease.","volume":"68","author":"Pahwa","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"R69-4-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(10)70106-X","article-title":"Pramipexole for the treatment of depressive symptoms in patients with Parkinsons disease: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.","volume":"9","author":"Barone","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"R70-4-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(02)01834-6","article-title":"In vivo activity of bupropion at the human dopamine transporter as measured by positron emission tomography.","volume":"54","author":"Learned-Coughlin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"R71-4-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(10)70106-X","article-title":"Pramipexole for the treatment of depressive symptoms in patients with Parkinsons disease: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.","volume":"9","author":"Barone","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"R73-4-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/123.4.733","article-title":"Hallucinations in Parkinsons disease: prevalence, phenomenology, and risk factors.","volume":"123","author":"Fenelon","year":"2000","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"R74-4-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1756","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000068010.82167.CF","article-title":"Longitudinal outcome of Parkinsons disease patients with psychosis.","volume":"60","author":"Factor","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"R75-4-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20308","article-title":"Repeated visual hallucinations in Parkinsons disease as disturbed externalinternal perceptions: focused review and a new integrative model.","volume":"20","author":"Diederich","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"R77-4-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1356","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000260060.60870.89","article-title":"Quetiapine for agitation or psychosis in patients with dementia and parkinsonism.","volume":"68","author":"Kurlan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"R78-4-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2009.09.027","article-title":"Recommendations on the drug treatment of psychosis in Parkinsons disease.","volume":"123","author":"Friedman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"R80-4-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1899","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21077","article-title":"Effects of rivastigmine in patients with and without visual hallucinations in dementia associated with Parkinsons disease.","volume":"21","author":"Burn","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"R81-4-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1038\/ncpneuro0680","article-title":"Drug Insight: impulse control disorders and dopamine therapies in Parkinsons disease.","volume":"3","author":"Potenza","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Clin Pract Neurol"},{"key":"R83-4-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1750","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000218206.20920.4d","article-title":"Prospective prevalence of pathological gambling and medication association in Parkinsons disease.","volume":"66","author":"Voon","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"R84-4-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2010.65","article-title":"Impulse control disorders in Parkinson disease: a cross-sectional study of 3090 patients.","volume":"67","author":"Weintraub","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"R85-4-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.64.2.212","article-title":"Factors associated with dopaminergic drug-related pathological gambling in Parkinsons disease.","volume":"64","author":"Voon","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"R86-4-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1258","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000238401.76928.45","article-title":"Clinical features associated with impulse control disorders in Parkinson disease.","volume":"67","author":"Pontone","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"R87-4-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(09)70287-X","article-title":"Chronic dopaminergic stimulation in Parkinsons disease: from dyskinesias to impulse control disorders.","volume":"8","author":"Voon","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"R88-4-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21770","article-title":"Long-term follow-up of impulse control disorders in Parkinsons disease.","volume":"23","author":"Mamikonyan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"R89-4-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1561","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22505","article-title":"Impulsive and compulsive behaviors in Parkinsons Disease.","volume":"24","author":"Evans","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"R91-4-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22164","article-title":"Amantadine use associated with impulse control disorders in Parkinson disease in cross-sectional study.","volume":"68","author":"Weintraub","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"R92-4-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.68.4.423","article-title":"Hedonistic homeostatic dysregulation in patients with Parkinsons disease on dopamine replacement therapies.","volume":"68","author":"Giovanonni","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"R93-4-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.2165\/00023210-200923020-00005","article-title":"Dopamine dysregulation syndrome: an overview of its epidemiology, mechanisms and management.","volume":"23","author":"OSullivan","year":"2009","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"key":"R94-4-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1570","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000184487.72289.f0","article-title":"Factors influencing susceptibility to compulsive dopaminergic drug use in Parkinson disease.","volume":"65","author":"Evans","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"R95-4-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22898","article-title":"Compulsive use of dopaminergic drug therapy in Parkinsons disease: reward and anti-reward.","volume":"15","author":"Evans","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"R96-4-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2007.129015","article-title":"Punding in Parkinsons disease.","volume":"7","author":"OSullivan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pract Neurol"},{"key":"R97-4-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20045","article-title":"Punding in Parkinsons disease: its relation to the dopamine dysregulation syndrome.","volume":"19","author":"Evans","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"R98-4-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2009.12.002","article-title":"Association between the dose of dopaminergic medication and the behavioral disturbances in Parkinson disease.","volume":"16","author":"Lee","year":"2010","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"key":"R99-4-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20216","article-title":"Risk and incidence of dementia in a cohort of older subjects with Parkinsons disease in the United Kingdom.","volume":"19","author":"Hobson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"R100-4-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(10)70212-X","article-title":"Neuropsychological and clinical heterogeneity of cognitive impairment and dementia in patients with Parkinsons disease.","volume":"9","author":"Kehagia","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"R101-4-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21956","article-title":"The Sydney Multicenter Study of Parkinsons Disease: the inevitability of dementia at 20 years.","volume":"23","author":"Hely","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"R102-4-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20324","article-title":"Sydney Multicenter Study of Parkinsons disease: non-L-dopa-responsive problems dominate at 15 years.","volume":"20","author":"Hely","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"R103-4-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20527","article-title":"A systematic review of prevalence studies of dementia in Parkinsons disease.","volume":"20","author":"Aarsland","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"R104-4-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1745","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.60.12.1745","article-title":"Cortical cholinergic function is more severely affected in parkinsonian dementia than in Alzheimer disease: an in vivo positron emission tomographic study.","volume":"60","author":"Bohnen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"R105-4-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8257(200007)15:4<613::AID-MDS1005>3.0.CO;2-F","article-title":"Chronic effects of dopaminergic replacement on cognitive function in Parkinsons disease: a two year follow-up study of previously untreated patients.","volume":"15","author":"Kulisevsky","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"R106-4-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2121","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/119.6.2121","article-title":"Acute effects of levodopa on neuropsychological performance in stable and fluctuating PD patients at different levodopa plasma levels.","volume":"119","author":"Kulisevsky","year":"1996","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"R107-4-20210211","first-page":"2509","article-title":"Rivastigmine for dementia with Parkinsons disease.","volume":"351","author":"Emre","year":"2004","journal-title":"What causes mental dysfunction in Parkinsons disease N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R108-4-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2004.050682","article-title":"Donepezil for dementia in Parkinsons disease: a randomised, double blind, placebo controlled, crossover study.","volume":"76","author":"Ravina","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"R109-4-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(09)70146-2","article-title":"Memantine in patients with Parkinsons disease dementia or dementia with Lewy bodies: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial.","volume":"8","author":"Aarsland","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"suppl 16","key":"R110-4-20210211","first-page":"797","article-title":"Safi namide potentiates the effects of DA-agonists in early stage Parkinsons disease (PD) patients.","volume":"22","author":"Anand","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"R112-4-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870010106","article-title":"Pain in Parkinsons disease.","volume":"1","author":"Goetz","year":"1986","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"R113-4-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870110411","article-title":"Oral and genital pain syndromes in Parkinsons disease.","volume":"11","author":"Ford","year":"1996","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"R115-4-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(00)00409-7","article-title":"Role of the dopaminergic system in chronic pain: a fluorodopa-PET study.","volume":"90","author":"Jaaskelainen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"suppl 5","key":"R116-4-20210211","first-page":"154","article-title":"Pain and Parkinsons disease.","volume":"17","author":"Vela","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"R117-4-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2006.04.003","article-title":"Pain-pressure threshold in patients with Parkinsons disease with and without dyskinesia.","volume":"13","author":"Vela","year":"2007","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"key":"R118-4-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2171","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000130455.38550.9D","article-title":"Quantitative measurement of pain sensation in patients with Parkinson disease.","volume":"62","author":"Djaldetti","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"R119-4-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1557","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20629","article-title":"Effect of levodopa on pain threshold in Parkinsons disease: a clinical and positron emission tomography study.","volume":"20","author":"Brefel-Courbon","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"R120-4-20210211","first-page":"589","article-title":"The threshold of pain and neurotransmitters change on pain in Parkinsons disease.","volume":"44","author":"Urakami","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Psychiatry Neurol"},{"key":"R121-4-20210211","first-page":"199","article-title":"Pain threshold and polysynaptic components of the blink reflex in Parkinsons disease.","volume":"4","author":"Massetani","year":"1989","journal-title":"Funct Neurol"},{"key":"R122-4-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8257(200001)15:1<167::AID-MDS1029>3.0.CO;2-8","article-title":"Subcutaneous apomorphine injections as a treatment for intractable pain in Parkinsons disease.","volume":"15","author":"Factor","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"R123-4-20210211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1999.91.2.0198","article-title":"Unilateral pallidotomy for reduction of parkinsonian pain.","volume":"91","author":"Honey","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"}],"container-title":["The Neurologist"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.lww.com\/00127893-201111001-00004","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,13]],"date-time":"2025-03-13T14:46:18Z","timestamp":1741877178000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/00127893-201111001-00004"}},"subtitle":["Can They Be Treated by Currently Available Methods?"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,11]]},"references-count":112,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/nrl.0b013e318239669f","relation":{},"ISSN":["1074-7931"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1074-7931","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,11]]}}}