{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T09:13:45Z","timestamp":1793524425152,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]],"date-time":"2025-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741219200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>Liver hematoma is a rare but devastating complication of pregnancy, associated mainly with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Subcapsular liver hematomas complicate between 1 in 40,000 and 1 in 250,000 pregnancies. The risk is significantly higher in women with HELLP (hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count) syndrome, with an incidence of 0.9\u20131.6% in this subgroup. Clinically, the condition arises as a result of vasospasm in the hepatic microcirculation, triggered by an imbalance in angiogenic factors such as soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor, leading to hepatic ischemia, infarction, and subsequent hematoma formation. The right hepatic lobe is most frequently affected, and symptoms are often vague and nonspecific, necessitating a high index of suspicion for diagnosis. Early diagnosis can be made through imaging with ultrasonography or computed tomography. Patients with liver hematomas need highly individualized care. Optimal management remains unknown; historically, cases were managed surgically, but more recent case series have demonstrated that close observation with blood product replacement and surveillance of the hematoma with imaging is also a reasonable approach for stable patients. Although there is potential for liver recovery in most cases; severe cases can result in irreversible damage and complications such as hepatic rupture and death.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1097\/og9.0000000000000070","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]],"date-time":"2025-03-06T17:00:48Z","timestamp":1741280448000},"page":"e070","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Liver Hematoma in Pregnancy: Challenges, Management Strategies, and Outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Antonio F.","family":"Saad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khalil M.","family":"Chahine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George R.","family":"Saade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baha 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