{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T14:10:25Z","timestamp":1791900625421,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,7]]},"DOI":"10.1097\/ogx.0b013e318172ee25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,5]],"date-time":"2009-03-05T18:26:26Z","timestamp":1236277586000},"page":"445-464","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Determining the Cause of Vulvovaginal Symptoms"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Miranda A.","family":"Farage","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth W.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William J.","family":"Ledger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"R1-22-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1168","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(12)90722-X","article-title":"Epidemiology of vaginitis.","volume":"165","author":"Kent","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R3-22-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1899","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa043802","article-title":"Molecular identification of bacteria associated with bacterial vaginosis.","volume":"353","author":"Fredricks","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R4-22-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(98)70442-9","article-title":"Few microorganisms associated with bacterial vaginosis may constitute the pathologic core: a population-based microbiologic study among 3596 pregnant women.","volume":"178","author":"Thorsen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R5-22-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2565","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.26905-0","article-title":"Characterization of vaginal microbial communities in adult healthy women using cultivation-independent methods.","volume":"150","author":"Zhou","year":"2004","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"R6-22-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2007.12","article-title":"Differences in the composition of vaginal microbial communities found in healthy Caucasian and black women.","volume":"1","author":"Zhou","year":"2007","journal-title":"ISME J"},{"key":"R7-22-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000134783.98382.b0","article-title":"Vulvovaginal symptoms in women with bacterial vaginosis.","volume":"104","author":"Klebanoff","year":"2004","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R8-22-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-199902000-00007","article-title":"Race\/ethnicity, vaginal flora patterns, and pH during pregnancy.","volume":"26","author":"Royce","year":"1999","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"R9-22-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1177\/0884217502239796","article-title":"Vaginal douching.","volume":"32","author":"Cottrell","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs"},{"key":"R10-22-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000139512.37582.17","article-title":"Bacterial vaginosis and risk of pelvic inflammatory disease.","volume":"104","author":"Ness","year":"2004","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R11-22-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwi025","article-title":"Douching, pelvic inflammatory disease, and incident gonococcal and chlamydial genital infection in a cohort of high-risk women.","volume":"161","author":"Ness","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"R12-22-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1097\/01.EDE.0000059230.67557.D3","article-title":"Randomized field trial of vaginal douching, pelvic inflammatory disease and pregnancy.","volume":"14","author":"Rothman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"R13-22-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(83)91112-9","article-title":"Nonspecific vaginitis. Diagnostic criteria and microbial and epidemiologic associations.","volume":"74","author":"Amsel","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"R14-22-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.29.2.297-301.1991","article-title":"Reliability of diagnosing bacterial vaginosis is improved by a standardized method of gram stain interpretation.","volume":"29","author":"Nugent","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"R15-22-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1016\/0029-7844(96)00233-5","article-title":"Validity of the vaginal gram stain for the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis.","volume":"88","author":"Schwebke","year":"1996","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R16-22-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1925","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.5.1925-1928.2003","article-title":"BVBlue test for diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis.","volume":"41","author":"Myziuk","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"R17-22-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2003.009134","article-title":"Vaginal leucocyte counts in women with bacterial vaginosis: relation to vaginal and cervical infections.","volume":"80","author":"Geisler","year":"2004","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"R18-22-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2003.105","article-title":"Vaginal polymorphonuclear leukocytes and bacterial vaginosis as markers for histologic endometritis among women without symptoms of pelvic inflammatory disease.","volume":"188","author":"Yudin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R19-22-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1093\/fampra\/18.3.253","article-title":"The effect of introduction of a guideline on the management of vaginal discharge and in particular bacterial vaginosis in primary care.","volume":"18","author":"Langsford","year":"2001","journal-title":"Fam Pract"},{"key":"R20-22-20210212","first-page":"505","article-title":"Vulval itch.","volume":"33","author":"Welsh","year":"2004","journal-title":"Aust Fam Physician"},{"issue":"suppl 2","key":"R21-22-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0507.1998.tb00594.x","article-title":"Vulvovaginitis due to Candida glabrata. An emerging problem.","volume":"41","author":"Sobel","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"R22-22-20210212","first-page":"99","article-title":"Characterisation of yeasts implicated in vulvovaginal candidosis in Irish women.","volume":"56","author":"al-Rawi","year":"1999","journal-title":"Br J Biomed Sci"},{"key":"R23-22-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-2115(03)00096-4","article-title":"An epidemiological survey of vulvovaginal candidiasis in Italy.","volume":"110","author":"Corsello","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"R24-22-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007366722235","article-title":"Prevalence and antifungal susceptibility of vaginal yeasts in outpatients attending a gynecological center in Ancona, Italy.","volume":"13","author":"Arzeni","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"R25-22-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1258\/095646202760159639","article-title":"Facts and myths on recurrent vulvovaginal candidosis\u2014a review on epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, pathogenesis and therapy.","volume":"13","author":"Mardh","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J STD AIDS"},{"key":"R26-22-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(98)80001-X","article-title":"Vulvovaginal candidiasis: epidemiologic, diagnostic, and therapeutic considerations.","volume":"178","author":"Sobel","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R27-22-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8545(03)00083-4","article-title":"Vulvovaginal candidiasis.","volume":"30","author":"Nyirjesy","year":"2003","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am"},{"key":"R28-22-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1086\/377234","article-title":"Relation between recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis, vaginal concentrations of mannose-binding lectin, and a mannose-binding lectin gene polymorphism in Latvian women.","volume":"37","author":"Babula","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"R29-22-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(99)70141-9","article-title":"Effect of antibiotic use on the prevalence of symptomatic vulvovaginal candidiasis.","volume":"180","author":"Spinillo","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R30-22-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1007\/s11908-003-0091-x","article-title":"Antibiotic-associated vulvovaginal candidiasis.","volume":"5","author":"Xu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Curr Infect Dis Rep"},{"key":"R31-22-20210212","first-page":"301","article-title":"Fungal culture findings in cyclic vulvitis.","volume":"96","author":"Handa","year":"2000","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R32-22-20210212","first-page":"757","article-title":"Vulvovaginal candidiasis: clinical manifestations, risk factors, management algorithm.","volume":"92","author":"Eckert","year":"1998","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R33-22-20210212","first-page":"595","article-title":"Women\u2019s use of over-the-counter antifungal medications for gynecologic symptoms.","volume":"42","author":"Ferris","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Fam Pract"},{"key":"R34-22-20210212","first-page":"244","article-title":"Value of Candida polymerase chain reaction and vaginal cytokine analysis for the differential diagnosis of women with recurrent vulvovaginitis.","volume":"8","author":"Weissenbacher","year":"2000","journal-title":"Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R35-22-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-0960.1996.tb00988.x","article-title":"The commonest causes of symptomatic vulvar disease: a dermatologist\u2019s perspective.","volume":"37","author":"Fischer","year":"1996","journal-title":"Australas J Dermatol"},{"key":"R36-22-20210212","first-page":"419","article-title":"Over-the-counter antifungal drug misuse associated with patient-diagnosed vulvovaginal candidiasis.","volume":"99","author":"Ferris","year":"2002","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R37-22-20210212","first-page":"413","article-title":"Vaginal colonization by Candida in asymptomatic women with and without a history of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis.","volume":"95","author":"Giraldo","year":"2000","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R38-22-20210212","first-page":"781","article-title":"Clinical variability of bacterial vaginosis and trichomoniasis.","volume":"49","author":"Brown","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Reprod Med"},{"key":"R41-22-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.78.5.378","article-title":"Update of trichomoniasis.","volume":"78","author":"Schwebke","year":"2002","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"R42-22-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0706.010603","article-title":"Trichomonas vaginalis, HIV, and African-Americans.","volume":"7","author":"Sorvillo","year":"2001","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"R43-22-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.2.684-687.2005","article-title":"Use of an immunochromatographic assay for rapid detection of Trichomonas vaginalis in vaginal specimens.","volume":"43","author":"Huppert","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"R44-22-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1097\/00001432-200502000-00010","article-title":"Urine nucleic acid amplification tests for the diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections in clinical practice.","volume":"18","author":"Gaydos","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr Opin Infect Dis"},{"key":"R45-22-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2005.07.033","article-title":"Diagnosis of Trichomonas vaginalis infection: the sensitivities and specificities of microscopy, culture and PCR assay.","volume":"126","author":"Radonjic","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"R46-22-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1080\/10647440500068248","article-title":"Real-time PCR improves detection of Trichomonas vaginalis infection compared with culture using self-collected vaginal swabs.","volume":"13","author":"Caliendo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R47-22-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1086\/342060","article-title":"Trichomonas vaginalis polymerase chain reaction compared with standard diagnostic and therapeutic protocols for detection and treatment of vaginal trichomoniasis.","volume":"35","author":"Wendel","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"R49-22-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.17.4.783-793.2004","article-title":"Treatment of infections caused by metronidazole-resistant Trichomonas vaginalis.","volume":"17","author":"Cudmore","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"R50-22-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1097\/01.olq.0000161089.53411.cb","article-title":"The prevalence of chlamydia, gonorrhea, and trichomonas in sexual partnerships: implications for partner notification and treatment.","volume":"32","author":"Khan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"R51-22-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1525\/maq.2005.19.4.383","article-title":"Partner notification methods for African American men being treated for trichomoniasis: a consideration of main men, Second Hitters, and Third Players.","volume":"19","author":"Lichtenstein","year":"2005","journal-title":"Med Anthropol Q"},{"key":"R52-22-20210212","first-page":"195","article-title":"Female gonorrhea: its relation to abnormal uterine bleeding, urinary tract symptoms, and cervicitis.","volume":"45","author":"Curran","year":"1975","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R53-22-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(94)90135-X","article-title":"Desquamative inflammatory vaginitis: a new subgroup of purulent vaginitis responsive to topical 2% clindamycin therapy.","volume":"171","author":"Sobel","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R54-22-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2003.74.9.1385","article-title":"Lichen planus and the vulvovaginal-gingival syndrome.","volume":"74","author":"Ramer","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"R55-22-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2004.04.010","article-title":"Oro-vaginal-vulvar lichen planus: report of two new cases.","volume":"50","author":"Petruzzi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"R56-22-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.1990.tb02083.x","article-title":"Chronic erosive vulval disease.","volume":"15","author":"Ridley","year":"1990","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"R57-22-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1016\/S1079-2104(99)70057-0","article-title":"The evaluation of cutaneous, genital, scalp, nail, esophageal, and ocular involvement in patients with oral lichen planus.","volume":"88","author":"Eisen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod"},{"key":"R58-22-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-005-0732-4","article-title":"Vulvar susceptibility to contact irritants and allergens: a review.","volume":"272","author":"Farage","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"R59-22-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-3083.2000.00080.x","article-title":"Aetiological factors in vulvar dermatitis.","volume":"14","author":"Crone","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"R60-22-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1992.tb08403.x","article-title":"Allergic contact dermatitis and vulvar dermatoses.","volume":"126","author":"Marren","year":"1992","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"R61-22-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1978.03290120033014","article-title":"Sensitivity to deodorant sanitary pads.","volume":"240","author":"Borgatta","year":"1978","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"R62-22-20210212","first-page":"1173","article-title":"Contact dermatitis associated with the use of Always sanitary napkins.","volume":"154","author":"Eason","year":"1996","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"R63-22-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1973.01620270027006","article-title":"Allergic reaction to feminine hygiene sprays.","volume":"108","author":"Fisher","year":"1973","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"R64-22-20210212","first-page":"108","article-title":"Seminen contact urticaria.","volume":"88","author":"Poskitt","year":"1995","journal-title":"J R Soc Med"},{"key":"R65-22-20210212","first-page":"137","article-title":"Contact sensitivity in pruritus vulvae: patch test results and clinical outcome.","volume":"8","author":"Lewis","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Contact Dermat"},{"key":"R66-22-20210212","first-page":"23","article-title":"Human labia majora skin: transepidermal water loss in vivo.","volume":"59","author":"Britz","year":"1979","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol Suppl (Stockh)"},{"key":"R67-22-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.2340\/0001555570141144","article-title":"Physiological skin surface water loss dynamics of human vulvar and forearm skin.","volume":"70","author":"Elsner","year":"1990","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"R69-22-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.296.8.964","article-title":"Trends in herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 seroprevalence in the United States.","volume":"296","author":"Xu","year":"2006","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"R70-22-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1097\/00128360-200501000-00009","article-title":"The vulvodynia guideline.","volume":"9","author":"Haefner","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Low Genit Tract Dis"},{"key":"R71-22-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2005.05.004","article-title":"Vulvar vestibulitis syndrome: a review.","volume":"123","author":"Farage","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"R72-22-20210212","first-page":"110","article-title":"Vulvar vestibulitis syndrome.","volume":"32","author":"Friedrich","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Reprod Med"},{"key":"R73-22-20210212","first-page":"45","article-title":"Vulvar vestibulitis syndrome: reliability of diagnosis and evaluation of current diagnostic criteria.","volume":"98","author":"Bergeron","year":"2001","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R74-22-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2003.09.012","article-title":"Vulvar vestibulitis severity\u2013assessment by sensory and pain testing modalities.","volume":"107","author":"Lowenstein","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"R75-22-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1080\/00926230490275065","article-title":"A new instrument for pain assessment in vulvar vestibulitis syndrome.","volume":"30","author":"Pukall","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Sex Marital Ther"},{"key":"R76-22-20210212","first-page":"1067","article-title":"Increased blood flow and erythema in the posterior vestibular mucosa in vulvar vestibulitis(1).","volume":"98","author":"Bohm-Starke","year":"2001","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R77-22-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(01)00352-9","article-title":"Psychophysical evidence of nociceptor sensitization in vulvar vestibulitis syndrome.","volume":"94","author":"Bohm-Starke","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"R78-22-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1159\/000010045","article-title":"Increased intraepithelial innervation in women with vulvar vestibulitis syndrome.","volume":"46","author":"Bohm-Starke","year":"1998","journal-title":"Gynecol Obstet Invest"},{"key":"R79-22-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1159\/000010198","article-title":"Neurochemical characterization of the vestibular nerves in women with vulvar vestibulitis syndrome.","volume":"48","author":"Bohm-Starke","year":"1999","journal-title":"Gynecol Obstet Invest"},{"key":"R80-22-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2003.05308.x","article-title":"Increased innervation of the vulval vestibule in patients with vulvodynia.","volume":"148","author":"Tympanidis","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"R81-22-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2002.121869","article-title":"Defective regulation of the proinflammatory immune response in women with vulvar vestibulitis syndrome.","volume":"186","author":"Gerber","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R82-22-20210212","first-page":"503","article-title":"Impact of genetic variation in interleukin-1 receptor antagonist and melanocortin-1 receptor genes on vulvar vestibulitis syndrome.","volume":"49","author":"Foster","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Reprod Med"},{"key":"R83-22-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2004.03.073","article-title":"Altered distribution of mannose-binding lectin alleles at exon I codon 54 in women with vulvar vestibulitis syndrome.","volume":"191","author":"Babula","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R84-22-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2003.09.031","article-title":"Immunoglobulin E antibodies to seminal fluid in women with vulvar vestibulitis syndrome: relation to onset and timing of symptoms.","volume":"190","author":"Babula","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R85-22-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-1873.2005.00685.x","article-title":"Cutaneous hypersensitivity to Candida albicans in idiopathic vulvodynia.","volume":"53","author":"Ramirez De Knott","year":"2005","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"R86-22-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(99)70433-3","article-title":"The infrequent use of office-based diagnostic tests for vaginitis.","volume":"181","author":"Wiesenfeld","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R87-22-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000114988.61223.22","article-title":"A growing concern: inability to diagnose vulvovaginal infections correctly.","volume":"103","author":"Ledger","year":"2004","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R88-22-20210212","first-page":"18","article-title":"Assessment of vulvovaginal complaints: accuracy of telephone triage and in-office diagnosis.","volume":"99","author":"Allen-Davis","year":"2002","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R89-22-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-0711-5-4","article-title":"Throwing the dice for the diagnosis of vaginal complaints?","volume":"5","author":"Schwiertz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob"},{"key":"R90-22-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1155\/S106474499600052X","article-title":"Vulvar vestibulitis: a complex clinical entity.","volume":"4","author":"Ledger","year":"1996","journal-title":"Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol"}],"container-title":["Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.lww.com\/00006254-200807000-00022","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,11]],"date-time":"2024-03-11T03:32:43Z","timestamp":1710127963000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/00006254-200807000-00022"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,7]]},"references-count":85,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ogx.0b013e318172ee25","relation":{},"ISSN":["0029-7828"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0029-7828","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,7]]}}}