{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T16:10:45Z","timestamp":1786119045522,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,1]]},"DOI":"10.1097\/ogx.0b013e318193299b","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,22]],"date-time":"2008-12-22T03:15:17Z","timestamp":1229915717000},"page":"50-57","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":106,"title":["Sonographic Fetal Sex Determination"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Marwan","family":"Odeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vitali","family":"Grinin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamad","family":"Kais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ella","family":"Ophir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacob","family":"Bornstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-22-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(84)91134-6","article-title":"Prenatal diagnosis of testicular feminization.","volume":"2","author":"Stephens","year":"1984","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R2-22-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.1985.4.8.433","article-title":"Prenatal ultrasound diagnosis of ambiguous genitalia.","volume":"4","author":"Cooper","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Ultrasound Med"},{"key":"R3-22-20210212","first-page":"462","article-title":"Fetal sex determination by ultrasound.","volume":"50","author":"Stocker","year":"1977","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R4-22-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.1989.8.6.293","article-title":"The sagital sign: an early second trimester sonographic indicator of fetal gender.","volume":"8","author":"Emerson","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Ultrasond Med"},{"key":"R5-22-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.140.4.741","article-title":"Sonographic determination of fetal gender before 25 weeks gestation.","author":"Dunne","year":"1983","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"R6-22-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(84)90116-9","article-title":"Sonograpic determination of fetal sex from twelve weeks of gestation.","volume":"149","author":"Natsuyama","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R7-22-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1002\/jcu.1870180414","article-title":"Early determination of fetal sex using transvaginal sonography: technique and pitfalls.","volume":"18","author":"Bronshtein","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Clin Ultrasound"},{"key":"R8-22-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/S0929-8266(98)00014-7","article-title":"Fetal sex determination by high resolution ultrasound in early pregnancy.","volume":"7","author":"Mielkke","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur J Ultrasound"},{"key":"R9-22-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0705.1999.13050299.x","article-title":"Early fetal gender determination.","volume":"13","author":"Benoit","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R10-22-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0705.1999.13050301.x","article-title":"The sonographic identification of fetal gender from 11 to 14 weeks of gestation.","volume":"13","author":"Whitlow","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R11-22-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0705.1999.13050305.x","article-title":"First-trimester determination of fetal gender by ultrasound.","volume":"13","author":"Efrat","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R12-22-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.2674","article-title":"Fetal gender assignment by first-trimester ultrasound.","volume":"27","author":"Efrat","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R13-22-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0705.1999.13050308.x","article-title":"Biometrical threshold of biparietal diameter for certain fetal sex assignment by ultrasound.","volume":"13","author":"Mazza","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R14-22-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0705.2001.00421.x","article-title":"Sonographic early fetal gender assignment: a longitudinal study in pregnancies after in vitro fertilization.","volume":"17","author":"Mazza","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R15-22-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.135.6.1161","article-title":"Sonographic determination of fetal gender.","volume":"135","author":"Scholly","year":"1980","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"R16-22-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(15)33281-6","article-title":"Ultrasound determination of fetal sex.","volume":"141","author":"Shalev","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R17-22-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198310203091602","article-title":"Determination of fetal sex.","volume":"309","author":"Brinholz","year":"1983","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R18-22-20210212","first-page":"454","article-title":"Fetal sex determination by ultrasound scan in the second and third trimesters.","volume":"61","author":"Plattner","year":"1983","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R19-22-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198310203091612","article-title":"Determination of fetal sex by ultrasound.","volume":"309","author":"Stephens","year":"1983","journal-title":"N Eng J Med"},{"key":"R20-22-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(87)90055-X","article-title":"Can ultrasonography replace amniocentesis in fetal gender determination during the early second trimester?","volume":"156","author":"Reece","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R21-22-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0705.1996.08050318.x","article-title":"Fetal sexing in the second trimester: maternal preference and professional ability.","volume":"8","author":"Harrington","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R22-22-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0705.1996.08050322.x","article-title":"Early second-trimester determination of fetal gender by ultrasound.","volume":"8","author":"Meagher","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R23-22-20210212","first-page":"247","article-title":"Early-second trimester fetal sex determination with ultrasound.","volume":"35","author":"Watson","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Reprod Med"},{"key":"R24-22-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0705.1998.11040242.x","article-title":"Development of fetal male gender: prenatal sonographic measurement of the scrotum and evaluation of testicular descent.","volume":"11","author":"Achiron","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R25-22-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0705.2000.00090.x","article-title":"Fetal penile length.","volume":"15","author":"Johnson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R26-22-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0705.2001.00216.x","article-title":"The development of the fetal penis\u2013an in uteru sonographic evaluation.","volume":"17","author":"Zalel","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R27-22-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/14.1.215","article-title":"Development of the fetal uterus between 19 and 38 weeks of gestation: in utero ultrasonographic measurements.","volume":"14","author":"Soriano","year":"1998","journal-title":"Human Reprod"},{"key":"R28-22-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.1956","article-title":"Contribution of three dimensional volume contrast imaging to the sonographic assessment of the fetal uterus.","volume":"26","author":"Jouannic","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R29-22-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.2007.26.5.563","article-title":"Fetal sex assignment by sonographic evaluation of the pelvic organs in the second and third trimester of pregnancy.","volume":"26","author":"Glanc","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Ultrasound Med"},{"key":"R30-22-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.1755","article-title":"Sonography of fetal micturation.","volume":"24","author":"Vijayaraghavn","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R31-22-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr\/13479830","article-title":"The use of three-dimensional ultrasound for fetal gender determination in the first trimester.","volume":"76","author":"Michalides","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"key":"R32-22-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0705.2000.00179.x","article-title":"Three-dimensional multiplanar ultrasound for fetal gender assignment: value of the mid-sagittal plane.","volume":"16","author":"Lev-Toaf","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R33-22-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.205","article-title":"Non visualization of the fetal bladder: aetiology and management.","volume":"21","author":"Wilcox","year":"2001","journal-title":"Prenat Diagn"},{"key":"R34-22-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.1970150303","article-title":"Prenatal sonographic signs of possible fetal genital anomalies.","volume":"15","author":"Borneshtien","year":"1995","journal-title":"Prenat Diagn"},{"key":"R35-22-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1994","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)67389-0","article-title":"Prenatal sonographic detection of genital malformations.","volume":"153","author":"Mandell","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"R36-22-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)67232-1","article-title":"How accurate is the prenatal diagnosis of abnormal genitalia?","volume":"164-","author":"Cheikhelard","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"R37-22-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(84)91134-6","article-title":"Prenatal diagnosis of testicular feminization.","volume":"310","author":"Stephens","year":"1984","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R38-22-20210212","first-page":"426","article-title":"Hypospadias mimicking female genitalia on early second trimester sonographic examination: a case report.","volume":"32","author":"Odeh","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Ultrasound"},{"key":"R39-22-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0223(199808)18:8<779::AID-PD348>3.0.CO;2-3","article-title":"Prenatal diagnosis of isolated hypospadias.","volume":"18","author":"Devesa","year":"1998","journal-title":"Prenat Diag"},{"key":"R40-22-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0705.2002.00648.x","article-title":"The \u201ctulip sign\u201d: a sonographic clue for in-utero diagnosis of severe hypospadias.","volume":"19","author":"Meizner","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R41-22-20210212","first-page":"187","article-title":"Transvaginal Sonography of the Normal and Abnormal Fetus.","author":"Zimmer","year":"2001"},{"key":"R42-22-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.1986.5.5.291","article-title":"Prenatal sonographic diagnosis of bladder extrophy.","volume":"5","author":"Mirk","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Ultrasound Med"},{"key":"R43-22-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(90)90982-D","article-title":"Sonographic findings in the prenatal diagnosis of bladder extrophy.","volume":"162","author":"Jaffe","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R44-22-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1016\/0029-7844(95)00069-4","article-title":"Criteria for prenatal diagnosis of classical bladderextrophy.","volume":"85","author":"Gearhart","year":"1995","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R45-22-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1016\/0029-7844(95)00185-T","article-title":"Cloacal exstrophy sequence: an exceptional ultrasound diagnosis.","volume":"86","author":"Meizner","year":"1995","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R46-22-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)62733-2","article-title":"The prenatal diagnosis of cloacal extrophy.","volume":"160","author":"Austin","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"R47-22-20210212","first-page":"332","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of patients with ambiguous genitalia.","volume":"16","author":"Meyers-Seifer","year":"1992","journal-title":"Semin Perinatol"},{"key":"R48-22-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(99)80394-X","article-title":"Prenatal diagnosis of genital anomalies.","volume":"47","author":"Smith","year":"1996","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"R49-22-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.2001.20.12.1365","article-title":"Use of three-dimensional ultrasonography for prenatal diagnosis of ambiguous genitalia.","volume":"20","author":"Naylor","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Ultrasound Med"},{"key":"R50-22-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0705.2002.00778.x","article-title":"Fetal gender: antenatal discrepancy between phenotype and genotype.","volume":"20","author":"Bretelle","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R51-22-20210212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(99)70673-3","article-title":"Prenatal diagnosis of 46, XX male fetuses.","volume":"180","author":"Ginsberg","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"}],"container-title":["Obstetrical &amp; Gynecological Survey"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.1097\/OGX.0b013e318193299b","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T17:27:53Z","timestamp":1786037273000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/00006254-200901000-00022"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,1]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ogx.0b013e318193299b","relation":{},"ISSN":["0029-7828"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0029-7828","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,1]]}}}