{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T03:32:11Z","timestamp":1783049531694,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,11]]},"DOI":"10.1097\/olq.0b013e318269cf90","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,3]],"date-time":"2013-01-03T03:19:47Z","timestamp":1357183187000},"page":"880-885","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Prevalence and Associations of Genital Ulcer and Urethral Pathogens in Men Presenting With Genital Ulcer Syndrome to Primary Health Care Clinics in South Africa"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"David A.","family":"Lewis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Etienne","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Steele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maya","family":"Sternberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frans","family":"Radebe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Lyall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronald C.","family":"Ballard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriela","family":"Paz-Bailey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-10-20210213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.75.1.3","article-title":"From epidemiological synergy to public health policy and practice: The contribution of other sexually transmitted diseases to sexual transmission of HIV infection.","volume":"75","author":"Fleming","year":"1999","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"R2-10-20210213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2113","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199910220-00015","article-title":". Relative risks and population attributable fraction of incident HIV associated with symptoms of sexually transmitted diseases and treatable symptomatic sexually transmitted diseases in Rakai District, Uganda. Rakai Project Team.","volume":"13","author":"Gray","year":"1999","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"R3-10-20210213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/163.2.233","article-title":". Cofactors in male-female sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1.","volume":"163","author":"Plummer","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R4-10-20210213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-199609000-00015","article-title":". The causal role for genital ulcer disease as a risk factor for transmission of human immunodeficiency virus. An application of the Bradford Hill criteria.","volume":"23","author":"Dickerson","year":"1996","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"R5-10-20210213","first-page":"579","article-title":"A systematic review of the epidemiologic interactions between classic sexually transmitted diseases and HIV: How much really is known Sex Transm D","volume":"28","author":"Rottingen","year":"2001","journal-title":"is"},{"key":"R6-10-20210213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.1086\/514751","article-title":". Genital ulcers: Etiology, clinical diagnosis, and associated human immunodeficiency virus infection in Kingston, Jamaica.","volume":"28","author":"Behets","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"R7-10-20210213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/175.3.583","article-title":". Comparison of clinical diagnosis and standard laboratory and molecular methods for the diagnosis of genital ulcer disease in Lesotho: Association with human immunodeficiency virus infection.","volume":"175","author":"Morse","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R8-10-20210213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-199901000-00009","article-title":". The etiology of genital ulcer disease by multiplex polymerase chain reaction and relationship to HIV infection among patients attending sexually transmitted disease clinics in Pune, India.","volume":"26","author":"Risbud","year":"1999","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"R9-10-20210213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.78.4.274","article-title":". Coexistence of urethritis with genital ulcer disease in South Africa: Influence on provision of syndromic management.","volume":"78","author":"Ballard","year":"2002","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"R10-10-20210213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.75.4.261","article-title":". Asymptomatic urethritis and detection of HIV-1 RNA in seminal plasma.","volume":"75","author":"Winter","year":"1999","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"R11-10-20210213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1868","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)02190-9","article-title":". Reduction of concentration of HIV-1 in semen after treatment of urethritis: Implications for prevention of sexual transmission of HIV-1. AIDSCAP Malawi Research Group.","volume":"349","author":"Cohen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R13-10-20210213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.79.3.202","article-title":". Increasing relative prevalence of HSV-2 infection among men with genital ulcers from a mining community in South Africa.","volume":"79","author":"Lai","year":"2003","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"R15-10-20210213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1086\/605647","article-title":". Improvement in healing and reduction in HIV shedding with episodic acyclovir therapy as part of syndromic management among men: A randomized, controlled trial.","volume":"200","author":"Paz-Bailey","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R16-10-20210213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1108.050535","article-title":". Real-time polymerase chain reaction to diagnose lymphogranuloma venereum.","volume":"11","author":"Morre","year":"2005","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"R17-10-20210213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(95)91380-7","article-title":". Impact of improved treatment of sexually transmitted diseases on HIV infection in rural Tanzania: Randomised controlled trial.","volume":"346","author":"Grosskurth","year":"1995","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R18-10-20210213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/171.2.451","article-title":". Sexually transmitted diseases and human immunodeficiency virus control in Malawi: A field study of genital ulcer disease.","volume":"171","author":"Behets","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"R20-10-20210213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2007.027136","article-title":"Modelling the cost per ulcer treated of incorporating episodic treatment for HSV-2 into the syndromic algorithm for genital ulcer disease.","volume":"84","author":"Vickerman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"R21-10-20210213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1304","DOI":"10.1086\/496979","article-title":". Changes in the etiology of sexually transmitted diseases in Botswana between 1993 and 2002: Implications for the clinical management of genital ulcer disease.","volume":"41","author":"Paz-Bailey","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"R23-10-20210213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1097\/01.olq.0000137896.40790.7d","article-title":". Changing patterns in sexually transmitted disease syndromes in Kenya after the introduction of a syndromic management program.","volume":"31","author":"Cheluget","year":"2004","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"R24-10-20210213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1097\/01.olq.0000149669.98128.ce","article-title":". Improving the accuracy of syndromic diagnosis of genital ulcer disease in Malawi.","volume":"32","author":"Hoyo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"R25-10-20210213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-199010000-00007","article-title":". Accuracy of clinical diagnosis of genital ulcer disease.","volume":"17","author":"Dangor","year":"1990","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"R26-10-20210213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-198404000-00004","article-title":". The clinical diagnosis of genital ulcer disease in men in the tropics.","volume":"11","author":"Fast","year":"1984","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"R27-10-20210213","first-page":"7","article-title":". Genital ulcer disease: Accuracy of clinical diagnosis and strategies to improve control in Durban, South Africa.","volume":"70","author":"OFarrell","year":"1994","journal-title":"Genitourin Med"},{"key":"R29-10-20210213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-200008000-00002","article-title":". How effective is syndromic management of STDs: A review of current studies.","volume":"27","author":"Pettifor","year":"2000","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"}],"container-title":["Sexually Transmitted Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e318269cf90","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,14]],"date-time":"2021-05-14T04:56:30Z","timestamp":1620968190000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/00007435-201211000-00010"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,11]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/olq.0b013e318269cf90","relation":{},"ISSN":["0148-5717"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0148-5717","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,11]]}}}