{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T15:47:06Z","timestamp":1770479226643,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770336000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"\n Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n The tympanic bone (TB) is 1 of the 4 essential parts of the temporal bone, located on its lateral-inferior aspect. It plays a pivotal role in forming the bony part of the external auditory canal, facilitating the transmission of sound to the middle ear.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective:<\/jats:title>\n The current study aims to underline the surgical importance of the TB and its role as a key structure in lateral skull-base surgery, particularly the infratemporal fossa approach type A and removal of the TB during the surgical management of tympanojugular paraganglioma (TJP).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n In this study, we examined 20 formalin-prepared temporal bones to highlight the significant anatomical importance of the tympanic portion and its association with the styloid process in TJP surgery. Furthermore, a comprehensive MEDLINE (PubMed) search was conducted using the MeSH term (tympanic bone).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n The minimum, maximum, and average thicknesses of the TB were 9.3\u2009mm, 12.2\u2009mm, and 10.6\u2009mm, respectively. Whereas the length of the styloid process ranged from 29\u2009mm to 52\u2009mm, with a mean measurement of 43\u2009mm. Among the 272 TJP cases operated on at our center, there were (26%) C1, (49%) C2, (22%) C3, and (3%) C4 cases according to the modified Fisch classification. TB infiltration was evident in virtually all C3 and C4 cases, approximately 70% of C2 tumors, and about 40% of C1 tumors.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n Although the TB is rarely discussed explicitly as a distinct structure in the literature, it plays a crucial role in many otologic and lateral skull-base procedures. These surgeries frequently require the partial or complete removal of the TB to access the hypotympanum and the internal carotid artery. A meticulous study of high-resolution computed tomography scans, especially coronal sections, is essential for understanding the detailed anatomy of TB.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/ono.0000000000000085","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T20:00:09Z","timestamp":1770408009000},"page":"e085","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Tympanic Bone: Small Neglected Bone with Extreme Anatomic Importance in Lateral Skull-Base Surgery"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Golda","family":"Grinblat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera, Israel"},{"name":"Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melcol Hailu","family":"Yilala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia"},{"name":"Department of Otology and Skull Base Surgery, Gruppo Otologico, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenlong","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Shenzhen Longgang Otolaryngology Hospital, and Shenzhen Otolaryngology Research Institute."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Fancello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otology and Skull Base Surgery, Gruppo Otologico, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Sanna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otology and Skull Base Surgery, Gruppo Otologico, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr.1978.0006","article-title":"Length dimensions and morphologic variations of the external bony auditory canal: A radiographic and histologic investigation.","volume":"7","author":"Eckerdal","year":"1978","journal-title":"Dentomaxillofac Radiol"},{"key":"R2-20260206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.5125\/jkaoms.2022.48.3.149","article-title":"Surgical importance of the tympanic bone: multidetector computed tomography findings.","volume":"48","author":"Atlano\u011flu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"R3-20260206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1177\/028418518002100314","article-title":"External bony auditory canal and the tympanic bone.","volume":"21","author":"Eckerdal","year":"1980","journal-title":"Acta Radiol Diagn"},{"key":"R4-20260206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1097\/00129492-200309000-00017","article-title":"A radiologic study of the tympanic bone: anatomy and surgery.","volume":"24","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2003","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"key":"R5-20260206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2009.05.030","article-title":"The medial wall of the jugular foramen: a temporal bone anatomic study.","volume":"141","author":"Keles","year":"2009","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"R7-20260206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1159\/000338418","article-title":"Surgical management of tympanojugular paragangliomas with intradural extension, with a proposed revision of the Fisch classification.","volume":"17","author":"Sivalingam","year":"2012","journal-title":"Audiol Neurootol"},{"key":"R9-20260206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1466","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers16081466","article-title":"Long-term surgical outcome of class A and B tympanomastoid paragangliomas.","volume":"16","author":"Yilala","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"R11-20260206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2833","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.26533","article-title":"Subtotal petrosectomy: Surgical technique, indications, outcomes, and comprehensive review of literature.","volume":"127","author":"Prasad","year":"2017","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"R12-20260206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.24177","article-title":"Strategies and long-term outcomes in the surgical management of tympanojugular paragangliomas.","volume":"38","author":"Prasad","year":"2016","journal-title":"Head Neck"}],"container-title":["Otology & Neurotology Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1097\/ONO.0000000000000085","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T20:00:10Z","timestamp":1770408010000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1097\/ONO.0000000000000085"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ono.0000000000000085","relation":{},"ISSN":["2766-3604"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2766-3604","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]]}}}