{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T17:03:06Z","timestamp":1791219786332,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,1]],"date-time":"2013-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1380585600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,1]],"date-time":"2013-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1380585600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["OVS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Many contact lens (CL) manufacturers produce simultaneous\u2010image lenses in which power varies either smoothly or discontinuously with zonal radius. We present in vitro measurements of some recent CLs and discuss how power profiles might be approximated in terms of nominal distance corrections, near additions, and on\u2010eye visual performance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fully hydrated soft, simultaneous\u2010image CLs from four manufacturers (Air Optix AQUA, Alcon; PureVision multifocal, Bausch &amp; Lomb; Acuvue OASYS for Presbyopia, Vistakon; Biofinity multifocal\u2010 \u201cD\u201d design, Cooper Vision) were measured with a Phase focus Lens Profiler (Phase Focus Ltd., Sheffield, UK) in a wet cell and powers were corrected to powers in air. All lenses had zero labeled power for distance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sagittal power profiles revealed that the \u201clow\u201d add PureVision and Air Optix lenses exhibit smooth (parabolic) profiles, corresponding to negative spherical aberration. The \u201cmid\u201d and \u201chigh\u201d add PureVision and Air Optix lenses have bi\u2010aspheric designs, leading to different rates of power change for the central and peripheral portions. All OASYS lenses display a series of concentric zones, separated by abrupt discontinuities; individual profiles can be constrained between two parabolically decreasing curves, each giving a valid description of the power changes over alternate annular zones. Biofinity lenses have constant power over the central circular region of radius 1.5 mm, followed by an annular zone where the power increases approximately linearly, the gradient increasing with the add power, and finally an outer zone showing a slow, linear increase in power with a gradient being almost independent of the add power.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The variation in power across the simultaneous\u2010image lenses produces enhanced depth of focus. The through\u2010focus nature of the image, which influences the \u201cbest focus\u201d (distance correction) and the reading addition, will vary with several factors, including lens centration, the wearer's pupil diameter, and ocular aberrations, particularly spherical aberration; visual performance with some designs may show greater sensitivity to these factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/opx.0000000000000030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,30]],"date-time":"2013-08-30T12:13:01Z","timestamp":1377864781000},"page":"1066-1077","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":108,"title":["Power Profiles of Multifocal Contact Lenses and Their Interpretation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"Sotiris","family":"Plainis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Vision and Optics Faculty of Life Sciences University of Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Atchison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health &amp; Biomedical Innovation School of Optometry and Vision Science Queensland University of Technology Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W. Neil","family":"Charman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Crete Greece"},{"name":"Faculty of Life Sciences University of Manchester Manchester United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","first-page":"127","volume-title":"Presbyopia: Origins, Effects and Treatment","author":"Kallinikos P","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0b013e318264f3e9","article-title":"Optical performance of multifocal soft contact lenses via a single\u2010pass method","volume":"89","author":"Bakaraju RC","year":"2012","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1444-0938.2007.00242.x","article-title":"Contact lens correction of presbyopia","volume":"91","author":"Bennett ES","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Exp Optom"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/0141-7037(90)80012-Q","article-title":"Theoretical and practical factors influencing the optical performance of contact lenses for the presbyope","volume":"13","author":"Charman W","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Brit Contact Lens Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1444-0938.2011.00666.x","article-title":"Visual performance with simultaneous vision multifocal contact lenses","volume":"95","author":"Llorente\u2010Guillemot A","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Exp Optom"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.12004","article-title":"Through\u2010focus performance with multifocal contact lenses: effect of binocularity, pupil diameter and inherent ocular aberrations","volume":"33","author":"Plainis S","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol Opt"},{"issue":"5567","key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","first-page":"42","article-title":"Methods for verifying the power of soft contact lenses: a review","volume":"212","author":"Plainis S","year":"1996","journal-title":"Optician"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2330-9512.1981.tb00155.x","article-title":"Optical power calculation for contact lens wet cells","volume":"58","author":"Yumori RW","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am J Optom Physiol Opt"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0b013e3181ae1eb0","article-title":"Spherical aberration of a hydrogel contact lens when measured in a wet cell","volume":"86","author":"Campbell CE","year":"2009","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0b013e3181fbad60","article-title":"Inherent ocular spherical aberration and multifocal contact lens optical performance","volume":"87","author":"Bakaraju RC","year":"2010","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clae.2009.11.001","article-title":"The reproducibility of a new power mapping instrument based on the phase shifting Schlieren method for the measurement of spherical and toric contact lenses","volume":"33","author":"Joannes L","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cont Lens Anterior Eye"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0b013e318185280e","article-title":"Validation of an off\u2010eye contact lens Shack\u2010Hartmann wavefront aberrometer","volume":"85","author":"Kollbaum P","year":"2008","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/S1367-0484(97)80005-7","article-title":"Ocular spherical aberration and theoretical through\u2010focus modulation transfer functions calculated for eyes fitted with two types of varifocal presbyopic contact lens","volume":"20","author":"Plakitsi A","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cont Lens Anterior Eye"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","first-page":"43","article-title":"Using power profiles to evaluate aspheric lenses","volume":"26","author":"Vogt A","year":"2011","journal-title":"Contact Lens Spectrum"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.3928\/1081597X-20080301-15","article-title":"Wavefront measurements of diffractive and refractive multifocal intraocular lenses in an artificial eye","volume":"24","author":"Campbell CE","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Refract Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","unstructured":"Elder SmithAJ. 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