{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T23:44:43Z","timestamp":1787010283133,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,1]],"date-time":"2013-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1383264000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,1]],"date-time":"2013-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1383264000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["OVS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine which baseline measurements constitute predictive factors for axial length growth over 2 years in children wearing orthokeratology contact lenses (OK) and single\u2010vision spectacles (SV).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sixty\u2010one children were prospectively assigned to wear either OK (n = 31) or SV (n = 30) for 2 years. The primary outcome measure (dependent variable) was axial length change at 2 years relative to baseline. Other measurements (independent variables) were age, age of myopia onset, gender, myopia progression 2 years before baseline and baseline myopia, anterior chamber depth, corneal power and shape (p value), and iris and pupil diameters as well as parental refraction. The contribution of all independent variables to the 2\u2010year change in axial length was assessed using univariate and multivariate regression analyses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>After univariate analyses, smaller increases in axial length were found in the OK group compared to the SV group in children who were older, had earlier onset of myopia, were female, had lower rate of myopia progression before baseline, had less myopia at baseline, had longer anterior chamber depth, had greater corneal power, had more prolate corneal shape, had larger iris diameter, had larger pupil sizes, and had lower levels of parental myopia (all p &lt; 0.05). In multivariate analyses, older age and greater corneal power were associated with smaller increases in axial length in the OK group (both p &lt; 0.05), whereas in SV wearers, smaller iris diameter was associated with smaller increases in axial length (p = 0.021).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Orthokeratology is a successful treatment option in controlling axial elongation compared to SV in children of older age, had earlier onset of myopia, were female, had lower rate of myopia progression before baseline, had lower myopia at baseline, had longer anterior chamber depth, had greater corneal power, had more prolate corneal shape, had larger iris and pupil diameters, and had lower levels of parental myopia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/opx.0000000000000034","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,14]],"date-time":"2013-09-14T09:42:45Z","timestamp":1379151765000},"page":"1225-1236","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":113,"title":["Factors Preventing Myopia Progression with Orthokeratology Correction"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"Jacinto","family":"Santodomingo\u2010Rubido","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Menicon Co., Ltd (Madrid Office) Aston University Aston Triangle Birmingham United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9sar","family":"Villa\u2010Collar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cl\u00ednica Oftalmol\u00f3gica Novovision Aston University Aston Triangle Birmingham United Kingdom"},{"name":"Universidad Europea de Madrid Aston University Aston Triangle Birmingham United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernard","family":"Gilmartin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Madrid, Spain; and School of Life and Health Sciences Aston University Aston Triangle Birmingham United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ram\u00f3n","family":"Guti\u00e9rrez\u2010Ortega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cl\u00ednica Oftalmol\u00f3gica Novovision Aston University Aston Triangle Birmingham United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-9071.2004.00831.x","article-title":"Myopia: precedents for research in the twenty\u2010first century","volume":"32","author":"Gilmartin B","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-1313.2011.00884.x","article-title":"Worldwide prevalence and risk factors for myopia","volume":"32","author":"Pan CW","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol Opt"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(01)01024-7","article-title":"Prevalence and progression of myopic retinopathy in an older population","volume":"109","author":"Vongphanit J","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(02)01260-5","article-title":"Refractive errors, intraocular pressure, and glaucoma in a white population","volume":"110","author":"Wong TY","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(02)01883-4","article-title":"Pathologic myopia: where are we now?","volume":"134","author":"Tano Y","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-1313.2005.00298.x","article-title":"Myopia and associated pathological complications","volume":"25","author":"Saw SM","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol Opt"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2006.06.033","article-title":"Costs of refractive correction of distance vision impairment in the United States, 1999\u20132002","volume":"113","author":"Vitale S","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2008.225","article-title":"Direct costs of myopia in Singapore","volume":"23","author":"Lim MC","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(01)00972-1","article-title":"Interventions to retard myopia progression in children: an evidence\u2010based update","volume":"109","author":"Saw SM","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0b013e3181a6a225","article-title":"Treatment options for myopia","volume":"86","author":"Gwiazda J","year":"2009","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"WallineJJ LindsleyK VedulaSS CotterSA MuttiDO TwelkerJD. 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