{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T13:38:57Z","timestamp":1793281137760,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,1]],"date-time":"2007-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1170288000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,1]],"date-time":"2007-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1170288000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["OVS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A significant proportion of children with Down's syndrome have been shown to have reduced accommodation. The purpose of this study was to investigate any association between reduced accommodation and refractive error, strabismus, visual acuity, and other ocular parameters.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Subjects were children with Down's syndrome enrolled in a longitudinal cohort to monitor visual development. Twenty\u2010seven children with accurate accommodation were age\u2010matched to children with reduced accommodation based on their most recent assessment for which a full, reliable data set was available. Each child was used only once for matching. Cross\u2010sectional ocular and visual data were analyzed using \u03c7\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      or Fisher's exact test, or the Mann\u2013Whitney U test for (non\u2010normally distributed) quantitative data.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Children with under\u2010accommodation were statistically more likely to have moderate\/high hypermetropia (\u2265+3.00 D) and to be strabismic (most with esotropia). No significant difference between the groups was found for any other ocular parameters.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study demonstrates the marked association between under\u2010accommodation, hypermetropia, and strabismus in children with Down's syndrome. No causal relation can be demonstrated with these data, but findings suggest that the link between under\u2010accommodation and hypermetropia (and between accurate accommodation and emmetropia) is present in early infancy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/opx.0b013e318031b686","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,7]],"date-time":"2007-02-07T05:28:25Z","timestamp":1170826105000},"page":"149-155","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Association Between Accommodative Accuracy, Hypermetropia, and Strabismus in Children with Down's Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"84","author":[{"given":"Ruth E.","family":"Stewart","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Optometry &amp; Vision Sciences Cardiff University Cardiff United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J Margaret","family":"Woodhouse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Optometry &amp; Vision Sciences Cardiff University Cardiff United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"Cregg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Optometry &amp; Vision Sciences Cardiff University Cardiff United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valerie H.","family":"Pakeman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Optometry &amp; Vision Sciences Cardiff University Cardiff United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.85.6.714","article-title":"Refractive development in children with Down's syndrome: a population based, longitudinal study","volume":"85","author":"Haugen OH","year":"2001","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)72015-X","article-title":"Ocular findings in Down's syndrome","volume":"122","author":"Cunha RP","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-199710000-00023","article-title":"Refractive errors in young children with Down syndrome","volume":"74","author":"Woodhouse JM","year":"1997","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.01-0131","article-title":"Development of refractive error and strabismus in children with Down syndrome","volume":"44","author":"Cregg M","year":"2003","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0420.2001.079002133.x","article-title":"Strabismus and binocular function in children with Down syndrome. 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