{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T18:40:51Z","timestamp":1774982451485,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,1]],"date-time":"2007-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1185926400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,1]],"date-time":"2007-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1185926400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["OVS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim was to develop a single\u2010item, categorical ophthalmic pain severity scale.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Focus groups were held with people who had experienced ophthalmic pain. Participants described their ophthalmic pain experiences with reference to level of severity, and commented on proposed pain scale designs. Thematic analysis of transcripts, and participants' category choices and scale preferences, were used to determine the number of response categories and labels chosen for the instrument. The final instrument was evaluated using a mail\u2010out questionnaire.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Five ophthalmic pain domains were identified: intensity; nature (including subdomains: physical sensation, temporal patterning, simile\/metaphor); physical effects; emotional effects; and behavioral effects. The most frequent descriptors were physical sensation (n = 160), behavioral effects (n = 87), and physical effects (n = 68). Participants preferred a five\u2010category scale. The higher frequency severity descriptors used by the participants formed the basis for the category labels for the instrument (\u201cextreme,\u201d \u201csevere,\u201d \u201cmoderate,\u201d \u201cmild,\u201d \u201cnone\u201d). Notably, many participants rejected the word \u201cpain\u201d in favor of \u201cdiscomfort\u201d or \u201clight sensitivity.\u201d Participants commonly linked severity and nature descriptors; however, the same nature descriptor (e.g., \u201cache\u201d or \u201cscratching\u201d) did not confer the same pain severity between participants.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A five\u2010category scale was chosen for assessing the severity of ophthalmic sensations: the Eye Sensation Scale. The scale involves rating the severity of the ophthalmic sensation that is most important to the patient and provides the opportunity to describe other attributes or effects of the sensation. Evaluation indicated the adequacy of the final instrument.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/opx.0b013e31812f7690","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,9]],"date-time":"2007-08-09T03:07:10Z","timestamp":1186628830000},"page":"752-762","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["The Eye Sensation Scale: An Ophthalmic Pain Severity Measure"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"84","author":[{"given":"Lynda E.","family":"Caudle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology NHMRC Centre for Clinical Eye Research Flinders University of South Australia Bedford Park South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keryn A.","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology NHMRC Centre for Clinical Eye Research Flinders University of South Australia Bedford Park South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Konrad","family":"Pesudovs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology NHMRC Centre for Clinical Eye Research Flinders University of South Australia Bedford Park South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","volume-title":"The Australian Corneal Graft Registry Report","author":"Williams KA","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.3928\/1081-597X-20061101-18","article-title":"Penetrating keratoplasty for keratoconus: the nexus between corneal wavefront aberrations and visual performance","volume":"22","author":"Pesudovs K","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Refract Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2003.027029","article-title":"Contrast and glare testing in keratoconus and after penetrating keratoplasty","volume":"88","author":"Pesudovs K","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(00)00112-3","article-title":"Penetrating keratoplasty for keratoconus: visual outcome and success","volume":"107","author":"Lim L","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(99)00086-X","article-title":"A comparison of faces scales for the measurement of pediatric pain: children's and parents' ratings","volume":"83","author":"Chambers CT","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(00)00485-1","article-title":"Pain assessment in cognitively impaired and unimpaired older adults: a comparison of four scales","volume":"92","author":"Chibnall JT","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1097\/00002508-198906000-00005","article-title":"The subjective experience of acute pain. 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