{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T03:40:24Z","timestamp":1790826024885,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,1]],"date-time":"2007-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1188604800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,1]],"date-time":"2007-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1188604800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Eye Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1 RO1 EY014651"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1 RO1 EY014651"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Eye Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30 EY07751"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 EY07751"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Eye Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5 T32 EY07024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5 T32 EY07024"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007144","name":"University of Houston","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007144","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012615","name":"University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012615","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005341","name":"American Optometric Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["OVS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Subjective push\u2010up tests and dynamic retinoscopy are standard clinical accommodation tests. These are inadequate for assessing if accommodation can be restored in presbyopes. Commercially available clinical autorefractors offer potentially reliable methods for objective accommodation measurement. This study evaluated accuracy and reliability of the Grand Seiko WR\u20105100K autorefractor for objective accommodation measurement in young adults.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty\u2010two subjects, aged 21 to 30 years (mean 25.6 \u00b1 2.26) participated. Three methods were used to stimulate and measure accommodation: (1) subjective push\u2010up test in free space, (2) a near target pushed\u2010up on a near\u2010point rod and the response measured with the WR\u20105100K and a Hartinger coincidence refractometer (HCR), and (3) a distant target viewed through increasing powered negative trial lenses and the response measured with the WR\u20105100K and the HCR. Trial lens calibration procedures were also used to test the accuracy of the instruments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Average maximum accommodative amplitude with the subjective push\u2010up test was 7.74 D \u00b1 0.36 D (mean \u00b1 SE). For a 5 D stimulus, accommodation of 4.68 D \u00b1 0.10 D (mean \u00b1 SE) and 4.13 D \u00b1 0.09 D was measured with the WR\u20105100K and the HCR, respectively. With a distant target viewed through a \u22125.00 D trial lens, the WR\u20105100K measured 4.07 D \u00b1 0.09 D and the HCR measured 4.05 D \u00b1 0.09 D of accommodation. Maximum mean response measured with trial lens\u2010induced accommodation was 5.67 D \u00b1 0.15 D with the WR\u20105100K and 5.77 D \u00b1 0.18 D with the HCR.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The subjective push\u2010up test overestimated accommodative amplitude relative to the objective measures. The WR\u20105100K showed good agreement in the responses measured for both pushed\u2010up near targets and a distant target viewed through trial lenses with the HCR, a widely used laboratory instrument. The Grand Seiko WR\u20105100K, a commercially available instrument, has been demonstrated to be well suited for clinical, objective accommodation measurement using a population of normal young adults.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/opx.0b013e3181559ace","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,4]],"date-time":"2009-03-04T17:17:23Z","timestamp":1236187043000},"page":"879-887","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Objective Accommodation Measurement with the Grand Seiko and Hartinger Coincidence Refractometer"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"84","author":[{"given":"Dorothy M.","family":"Win\u2010Hall","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Optometry University of Houston Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa A.","family":"Ostrin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Optometry University of Houston Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanjeev","family":"Kasthurirangan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Health Research Queensland University of Technology Kelvin Grove Campus Kelvin Grove Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"Glasser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Optometry University of Houston Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","volume-title":"Dictionary of Optometry and Visual Science","author":"Millodot M","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","volume-title":"Dictionary of Ophthalmic Optics","author":"Keeney AH","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1878","DOI":"10.1016\/S0886-3350(03)00667-9","article-title":"Subjective and objective measurement of human accommodative amplitude","volume":"29","author":"Wold JE","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1435","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2003.12.045","article-title":"Accommodation measurements in a prepresbyopic and presbyopic population","volume":"30","author":"Ostrin LA","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1912.04270090254042","article-title":"Normal values of the accommodation at all ages","volume":"59","author":"Duane A","year":"1912","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","volume-title":"Helmholtz's Treatise on Physiological Optics","author":"Helmholtz von HH","year":"1924"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","first-page":"323","article-title":"The development of presbyopia in primates","volume":"102","author":"Kaufman PL","year":"1982","journal-title":"Trans Ophthalmol Soc UK"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1685","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(89)90150-8","article-title":"Accommodation and presbyopia in the human eye\u2014aging of the anterior segment","volume":"29","author":"Koretz JF","year":"1989","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.28.001097","article-title":"Accommodation and presbyopia in the human eye. 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