{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T10:34:22Z","timestamp":1788431662790,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,1]],"date-time":"2008-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1209600000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,1]],"date-time":"2008-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1209600000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["OVS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To statistically analyze the test\u2010retest and inter\u2010chart reliability of the newly developed actual logarithmically scaled Dutch Radner Reading Charts in an older population affected by macular disease. These Dutch Radner Reading Charts are developed according to the strict principles of sentence construction of the originally German language Radner Reading Charts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirty\u2010six subjects aged 50 years or older and affected with a macular disease monocularly read the three charts of the Radner Reading Charts in a randomized order twice with 1 month in between. The subjects were divided into three groups according to their distance logMAR visual acuity (group 1, \u22650.1; group 2, 0.12 to 0.4; and group 3, 0.42 to 0.8). Reading acuity (logRAD, the reading equivalent of logMAR), logRAD score, maximum reading speed, critical print size, and logRAD\/logMAR ratio were measured. Variance component analysis was used to determine the sources of variability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The test\u2010retest and inter\u2010chart reliability was high for all visual acuity groups and variables. For all groups together the chart accounted for maximal 5% of the total variability for all measurements. The individual subject did have the largest influence on the measurements (88 to 98% of the variability).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Dutch version of the Radner Reading Charts provided high reliable test\u2010retest and inter\u2010chart measurements of reading performance in a heterogeneous group of subjects with subnormal to low vision. This study also showed that the strict principles of sentence construction of the originally German Radner Reading Charts may also be successfully used for other languages.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/opx.0b013e31816bf58b","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,28]],"date-time":"2008-04-28T03:11:09Z","timestamp":1209352269000},"page":"353-358","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Reliability Testing of the Dutch Version of the Radner Reading Charts"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"KRISTEL","family":"MAAIJWEE","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Rotterdam Eye Hospital Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"PAUL","family":"MULDER","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"WOLFGANG","family":"RADNER","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology University of Vienna Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JAN C.","family":"VAN MEURS","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Erasmus University Rotterdam Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.03-0661","article-title":"Impact of bilateral visual impairment on health\u2010related quality of life: the Blue Mountains Eye Study","volume":"45","author":"Chia EM","year":"2004","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","first-page":"2566","article-title":"Demographic characteristics of the vision\u2010disabled elderly","volume":"38","author":"Elliott DB","year":"1997","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.123.6.807","article-title":"Age\u2010related eye disease, quality of life, and functional activity","volume":"123","author":"Knudtson MD","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.1990.100","article-title":"Comparing clinical tests of visual function in cataract with the patient's perceived visual disability","volume":"4","author":"Elliott DB","year":"1990","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","first-page":"677","article-title":"Psychophysics of reading. 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