{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T04:40:53Z","timestamp":1785818453588,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":104,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,1]],"date-time":"2008-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1212278400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,1]],"date-time":"2008-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1212278400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["OVS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To review the efficacy of the pattern electroretinogram (PERG) in early diagnosis of glaucoma.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Stimulation parameters of check size and temporal frequency are considered. Analyses of various peaks (P50, N95, the N95\/P50) and Fourier steady\u2010state are considered. The relation to visual field defects is explored.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The PERG is markedly alterated in glaucoma. It shows amplitude reductions in (still) normal areas of the visual field. Optical imaging on the retina needs to be optimal. Higher temporal frequency (&gt;10 reversals\/s) improves the sensitivity to detect glaucoma compared with transient stimulation. The ratio between the amplitudes to 0.8\u00b0 checks and to 16\u00b0 checks, \u201cPERG ratio,\u201d exploits a check size\u2010specific reduction in early glaucoma and reduces variability. Longitudinal studies suggest that the PERG can indicate incipient glaucoma damage before evidence from the visual field.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The PERG is a demanding electrophysiological technique that can serve as a sensitive biomarker for retinal ganglion cell function. With appropriate paradigms, PERG assists in identifying those patients with elevated interocular pressure in whom glaucoma damage is incipient before visual field changes occur.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/opx.0b013e318177ebf3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,4]],"date-time":"2008-06-04T13:59:53Z","timestamp":1212587993000},"page":"386-395","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":116,"title":["Update on the Pattern Electroretinogram in Glaucoma"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"MICHAEL","family":"BACH","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sektion Funktionelle Sehforschung Universit\u00e4ts\u2010Augenklinik Freiburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"MICHAEL B.","family":"HOFFMANN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Visual Processing Laboratory Universit\u00e4ts\u2010Augenklinik Magdeburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1007\/s004170000189","article-title":"Long\u2010term effects of timolol therapy in ocular hypertension: a double\u2010masked, randomised trial","volume":"238","author":"Heijl A","year":"2000","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.120.10.1268","article-title":"Reduction of intraocular pressure and glaucoma progression: results from the early manifest glaucoma trial","volume":"120","author":"Heijl A","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.120.6.701","article-title":"The ocular hypertension treatment study: a randomized trial determines that topical ocular hypotensive medication delays or prevents the onset of primary open\u2010angle glaucoma","volume":"120","author":"Kass MA","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_5_2","first-page":"153","article-title":"The definition of pre\u2010glaucoma. 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