{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]],"date-time":"2026-05-30T04:18:39Z","timestamp":1780114719174,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,1]],"date-time":"2008-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1212278400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,1]],"date-time":"2008-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1212278400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Eye Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R03EY014549"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R03EY014549"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Eye Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01EY007716"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01EY007716"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["OVS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the ability of a technique employing pupillometry and functionally\u2010shaped stimuli to assess loss of visual function due to glaucomatous optic neuropathy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pairs of large stimuli, mirror images about the horizontal meridian, were displayed alternately in the upper and lower visual field. Pupil diameter was recorded and analyzed in terms of the \u201ccontrast balance\u201d (relative sensitivity to the upper and lower stimuli), and the pupil constriction amplitude to upper and lower stimuli separately. A group of 40 patients with glaucoma was tested twice in a first session, and twice more in a second session, 1 to 3 weeks later. A group of 40 normal subjects was tested with the same protocol.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Results for the normal subjects indicated functional symmetry in upper\/lower retina, on average. Contrast balance results for the patients with glaucoma differed from normal: half the normal subjects had contrast balance within 0.06 log unit of equality and 80% had contrast balance within 0.1 log unit. Half the patients had contrast balances more than 0.1 log unit from equality. Patient contrast balances were moderately correlated with predictions from perimetric data (r = 0.37, p &lt; 0.00001). Contrast balances correctly classified visual field damage in 28 patients (70%), and response amplitudes correctly classified 24 patients (60%). When contrast balance and response amplitude were combined, receiver operating characteristic area for discriminating glaucoma from normal was 0.83.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pupillary evaluation of retinal asymmetry provides a rapid method for detecting and classifying visual field defects. In this patient population, classification agreed with perimetry in 70% of eyes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/opx.0b013e318177ec02","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,4]],"date-time":"2008-06-04T13:59:53Z","timestamp":1212587993000},"page":"471-481","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Rapid Pupil\u2010Based Assessment of Glaucomatous Damage"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"YANJUN","family":"CHEN","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Biological Sciences SUNY State College of Optometry New York New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"HARRY J.","family":"WYATT","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Biological Sciences SUNY State College of Optometry New York New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"WILLIAM H.","family":"SWANSON","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Sciences SUNY State College of Optometry New York New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"MITCHELL W.","family":"DUL","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Biological Sciences SUNY State College of Optometry New York New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","first-page":"255","volume-title":"The Eye","author":"Lowenstein O","year":"1969"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1959.04220050030005","article-title":"Pupillary escape in disease of the retina or optic nerve","volume":"62","author":"Levatin P","year":"1959","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-1549(03)00005-1","article-title":"Standard perimetry","volume":"16","author":"Anderson DR","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Clin North Am"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2549","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2005.04.003","article-title":"Pupillary evaluation of retinal asymmetry: development and initial testing of a technique","volume":"45","author":"Chen Y","year":"2005","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_2","first-page":"75","volume-title":"Documental Ophthalmologica Proceedings Series","author":"Aulhorn E","year":"1977"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(82)34798-3","article-title":"The onset and evolution of glaucomatous visual field defects","volume":"89","author":"Hart WM","year":"1982","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1992.01080180084033","article-title":"Glaucoma Hemifield test. 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