{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T06:21:06Z","timestamp":1774938066514,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,1]],"date-time":"2008-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1214870400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,1]],"date-time":"2008-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1214870400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["OVS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Damage to the nerve fiber layer or visual pathway might be expected to reduce the efficiency with which the visual system performs analysis of the ever\u2010changing field of vision. The purpose of this article is to provide a further analysis of previously reported data (Loughman J, Davison P, Flitcroft I, Br J Ophthalmol 2007;91:1493\u201398.) to: (i) determine the sensitivity and specificity of a test of preattentive vision for glaucoma detection and (ii) provide a cutoff performance level that would serve to distinguish glaucoma in early cases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Three groups of observers (glaucoma, suspects, and normals) were examined, using computer\u2010generated flicker, orientation, and vertical displacement targets to assess preattentive visual search (PAVS) efficiency. The task required rapid and accurate localization of a singularity embedded in a field of 119 homogenous distractors on either left or right hand side of a computer monitor. All subjects also completed a choice reaction time task.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrates consistently high diagnostic sensitivity and specificity values (significantly above 90% for all tasks) using the raw PAVS data and also for a novel perceptual search index (which improves the diagnostic capacity of the test). Optimal performance cutoff values for each task were also computed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A test of PAVS efficiency demonstrates high sensitivity and specificity to early glaucoma. Analysis incorporating the perceptual search index confirms the high diagnostic capacity of the test.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/opx.0b013e31817dd06d","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,5]],"date-time":"2009-03-05T14:05:31Z","timestamp":1236261931000},"page":"543-546","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Diagnostic Sensitivity\/Specificity of Preattentive Vision Tests in Glaucoma"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"James","family":"Loughman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Optometry Department Dublin Institute of Technology Republic of Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Davison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Optometry Department Dublin Institute of Technology Republic of Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ian","family":"Flitcroft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology The Children's University Hospital Dublin Republic of Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","volume-title":"Cognitive Psychology","author":"Neisser U","year":"1967"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","first-page":"281","article-title":"Impaired parallel visual search mechanisms in Parkinson\u2019s disease: implications for the role of dopamine in visual attention","volume":"8","author":"Troscianko T","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clin Vision Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.1159","article-title":"A failure of \u2018pop\u2010out\u2019 in visual search tasks in dementia with Lewy Bodies as compared to Alzheimer\u2019s and Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"19","author":"Cormack F","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","first-page":"S510","article-title":"A new psychophysical approach in glaucoma detection: preattentive vision testing","volume":"37","author":"Flitcroft DI","year":"1996","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2006.108084","article-title":"Open angle glaucoma effects on preattentive visual search efficiency for flicker, motion displacement and orientation pop\u2010out tasks","volume":"91","author":"Loughman J","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-1313.2006.00397.x","article-title":"Effects of retinal image degradation on pre\u2010attentive visual search (PAVS) efficiency for flicker, movement and orientation stimuli","volume":"26","author":"Davison P","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ophthal Physiol Opt"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.119.7.985","article-title":"Discriminating between normal and glaucomatous eyes using the Heidelberg retina tomograph, GDx nerve fiber analyzer, and optical coherence tomograph","volume":"119","author":"Zangwill LM","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ijg.0000145813.46848.b8","article-title":"Psychophysical investigation of ganglion cell loss in early glaucoma","volume":"14","author":"Spry PG","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Glaucoma"}],"container-title":["Optometry and Vision Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1097\/OPX.0b013e31817dd06d","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1097\/OPX.0b013e31817dd06d","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1097\/OPX.0b013e31817dd06d","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T04:50:20Z","timestamp":1774932620000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1097\/OPX.0b013e31817dd06d"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,7]]},"references-count":8,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1097\/OPX.0b013e31817dd06d"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/opx.0b013e31817dd06d","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1040-5488","1538-9235"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1040-5488","type":"print"},{"value":"1538-9235","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,7]]}}}