{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T07:55:57Z","timestamp":1774943757699,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,1]],"date-time":"2008-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1217548800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,1]],"date-time":"2008-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1217548800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["OVS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the efficacy of punctum plug insertion on tear and dynamic visual function in dry eye patients with short break\u2010up time (s\u2010BUT) of the tears.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A prospective comparative case series design was used. Twenty\u2010seven eyes of 27 dry eye patients with a s\u2010BUT seen at Keio University School of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, were studied. Functional visual acuity (FVA) measurements, tear function examinations and ocular surface evaluations including Schirmer test, tear break\u2010up time, fluorescein and Rose Bengal vital staining scores were performed before and 1 month after insertion of punctum plugs (PP) in dry eye patients with s\u2010BUT. Degree of satisfaction with the PP treatment was also graded.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nineteen out of 27 eyes (70.4%) showed a satisfactory outcome with the PP treatment because of decreased subjective dry eye symptoms. On the other hand, six out of eight eyes with an unsatisfactory outcome had epiphora. The visual maintenance ratio value was observed to significantly increase from 0.87 \u00b1 0.09 to 0.91 \u00b1 0.07 in eyes with no epiphora, whereas the visual maintenance ratio value significantly decreased from 0.98 \u00b1 0.10 to 0.86 \u00b1 0.13 in the group of eyes with epiphora after PP treatment. (p &lt; 0.05) Likewise, FVA significantly improved after PP insertion in the group with no epiphora and decreased in eyes with epiphora. Visual acuity in the conventional Landolt visual testing remained significantly unchanged in both group of eyes with or without epiphora.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>FVA was useful in assessing and quantifying vision related symptomatology in s\u2010BUT type of dry eye treated with PP occlusion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/opx.0b013e3181819f0a","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,28]],"date-time":"2008-07-28T03:07:22Z","timestamp":1217214442000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Efficacy of Punctum Plug Treatment in Short Break\u2010up Time Dry Eye"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"Minako","family":"Kaido","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Keio University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Reiko","family":"Ishida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Keio University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Murat","family":"Dogru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johnson and Johnson Ocular Surface and Visual Optics Department Keio University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomoko","family":"Tamaoki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Keio University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazuo","family":"Tsubota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Keio University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.1993.tb07146.x","article-title":"Ocular fatigue is the major symptom of dry eye","volume":"71","author":"Toda I","year":"1993","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh)"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2004.08.075","article-title":"The application of a new continuous functional visual acuity measurement system in dry eye syndromes","volume":"139","author":"Ishida R","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(01)01365-4","article-title":"Impaired functional visual acuity of dry eye patients","volume":"133","author":"Goto E","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(99)00513-8","article-title":"Corneal surface regularity and the effect of artificial tears in aqueous tear deficiency","volume":"106","author":"Liu Z","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.76.3.157","article-title":"The importance of the precorneal tear film for the quality of optical imaging","volume":"76","author":"Rieger G","year":"1992","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(02)02147-5","article-title":"Improved functional visual acuity after punctal occlusion in dry eye patients","volume":"135","author":"Goto E","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_2","first-page":"1903","article-title":"[Short BUT type of dry eye.]","volume":"9","author":"Toda I","year":"1992","journal-title":"Atarashiigannka"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_2","first-page":"360","article-title":"[Outcome of punctal plug occlusion therapy for severe dry eye syndrome]","volume":"106","author":"Kojima K","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nippon Ganka Gakkai Zasshi"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2003.09.034","article-title":"Punctal occlusion in the management of chronic Stevens\u2010Johnson syndrome","volume":"111","author":"Kaido M","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780290501","article-title":"Sjogren\u2019s syndrome. 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