{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T05:55:47Z","timestamp":1790661347776,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,1]],"date-time":"2008-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1220227200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,1]],"date-time":"2008-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1220227200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["OVS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To document two cases of corneal pigmented rings and hypercupremia associated with estrogen\u2010based oral contraceptive use. Other causes of corneal pigment rings including Kayser\u2010Fleischer rings and the previously documented association of estrogens and hypercupremia are discussed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Case Reports.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Two healthy female patients presenting to a general optometric practice for routine examinations were found to have bilateral bluish\u2010green corneal deposits at the level of endothelium\/Descemet's membrane. The deposits were predominately in the inferior midperiphery in both patients, but formed a complete ring 3 years after initial presentation in one. Both patients were found to have abnormally elevated serum copper and elevated ceruloplasmin levels, and both were taking estrogen\u2010based oral contraceptives. Serum copper levels returned to normal levels soon after cessation of the oral contraceptives, and subsequently re\u2010elevated when a different oral contraceptive agent was tried. Although the pigment rings appeared different from typical Kayser\u2010Fleischer rings, both patients were referred to gastroenterologists to rule out Wilson's disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is believed to be the first report of corneal pigment deposition and hypercupremia associated with oral contraceptive use. Recognition of these potential side effects by eye care practitioners and prescribing physicians may spare patients the expense and morbidity risk of unnecessary medical testing. Further research is needed to determine the exact nature of the deposits (presumed to be a copper compound), and whether it may be accumulating to dangerous levels in other body tissues as in Wilson's disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/opx.0b013e3181853092","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,27]],"date-time":"2008-08-27T03:25:58Z","timestamp":1219807558000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Corneal Copper Deposition Secondary to Oral Contraceptives"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"Gustavo","family":"Garmizo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"West Broward Eye Care Associates Tamarac Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barry J.","family":"Frauens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nova Southeastern University College of Optometry The Eye Care Institute at North Miami Beach North Miami Beach Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-8981(01)00607-6","article-title":"Assessment of copper status in pregnancy by means of determining the specific oxidase activity of ceruloplasmin","volume":"312","author":"Louro MO","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2382","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/34.11.2382","article-title":"Serum and hair concentrations of copper during pregnancy","volume":"34","author":"Vir SC","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(68)90190-7","article-title":"Serum copper and pregnancy","volume":"101","author":"Dokumov SI","year":"1968","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(71)90805-2","article-title":"Serum copper and ceruloplasmin in pregnancy","volume":"109","author":"Burrows S","year":"1971","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02134060","article-title":"Instant effect of induced abortion on serum ceruloplasmin activity, copper and zinc levels","volume":"240","author":"Ozgunes H","year":"1987","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/21.4.476","article-title":"Trace elements\u2014a selective survey","volume":"21","author":"Reinhold JG","year":"1975","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI102743","article-title":"Studies on copper metabolism. 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