{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T07:27:54Z","timestamp":1774942074903,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,1]],"date-time":"2009-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1233446400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,1]],"date-time":"2009-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1233446400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["OVS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There are significant inconsistencies in accounts in textbooks of the fitting in 1887 of a device resembling a scleral contact lens. The aim of this study was to establish the facts of this case and to provide an overview of the subsequent clinical performance of blown scleral shells and lenses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A literature search was conducted that included the original report published in 1910 of the fitting of the patient. The dimensions and back vertex power of a blown scleral shell were measured.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In 1887, the right eye of a patient with lagophthalmic keratitis as a sequel to cancerous destruction of the lower eyelid was fitted with a protective blown scleral shell. His left eye was effectively blind. The referring ophthalmologist was Professor Theodor S\u00e4misch of Bonn and the fitting was undertaken by the firm of F Ad M\u00fcller &amp; S\u00f6hne of Wiesbaden, Germany. With periodical replacement, a shell was worn for at least 21 years. M\u00fcller scleral shells were principally fitted in keratoconus providing markedly improved visual acuities and wearing times of up to 14 h a day. There were instances of continuous wear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Failure to consult original sources is responsible for errors in descriptions of the S\u00e4misch case that is of historical importance because it represents both the first use of a therapeutic contact shell and the first instance of continuous wear. Blown scleral shells and lenses played an important part in the optical correction of keratoconus and the management of other ocular conditions during the first quarter of the 20th century.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/opx.0b013e318194eb30","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,30]],"date-time":"2009-01-30T03:18:24Z","timestamp":1233285504000},"page":"157-164","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["The S\u00e4misch Case and the M\u00fcllers of Wiesbaden"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Richard M.","family":"Pearson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Formerly, Senior Lecturer City University London United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","volume-title":"Contact Lenses: A Clinical Approach to Fitting","author":"Hales RH","year":"1982"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","volume-title":"Contact Lens Practice","author":"Mandell RB","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","volume-title":"Contact Lenses in Ophthalmology","author":"Wilson MS","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","volume-title":"Contact Lens Practice","author":"Wesley NK","year":"1953"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","volume-title":"Theory and Practice of Contact Lens Fitting","author":"Jenkin L","year":"1964"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","volume-title":"An Introduction to the Prescribing and Fitting of Contact Lenses","author":"Dickinson F","year":"1946"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","volume-title":"Contact Lens Theory and Practice","author":"Grosvenor TP","year":"1963"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","volume-title":"A Textbook of Contact Lens Practice","author":"Kumar D","year":"1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","volume-title":"Contact Lenses: Procedures and Techniques","author":"Lowther GE","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","volume-title":"Contact Lenses","author":"Obrig TE","year":"1957"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Clinical Contact Lens Practice","author":"Barr JT","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","volume-title":"Contact Lens Practice","author":"Fletcher R","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","first-page":"3","volume-title":"Contact Lens Practice","author":"Efron N","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Contact Lens Practice","author":"Sabell AG","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Contact Lenses","author":"Lamb J","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","first-page":"3","volume-title":"Contact Lens Management","author":"Block HM","year":"1961"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","volume-title":"Das k\u00fcnstliche Auge","author":"M\u00fcller FA","year":"1910"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","unstructured":"M\u00fcllerFE.\u00dcber die Korrektion des Keratokonus und Anderer Brechungsanomalien des Auges mit M\u00fcllerschen Kontaktschalen. 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