{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,10]],"date-time":"2026-11-10T18:34:15Z","timestamp":1794335655505,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,1]],"date-time":"2009-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1238544000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,1]],"date-time":"2009-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1238544000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Eye Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U10EY014713"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U10EY014713"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Eye Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U10EY014659"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U10EY014659"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Eye Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U10EY014716"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U10EY014716"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Eye Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U10EY014715"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U10EY014715"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Eye Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U10EY014709"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U10EY014709"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Eye Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U10EY014710"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U10EY014710"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Eye Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U10EY014676"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U10EY014676"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Eye Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U10EY014706"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U10EY014706"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Eye Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U10EY014712"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U10EY014712"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["OVS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The objectives of the present study were to evaluate whether investigator bias influenced the Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey (CISS) scores of children with normal binocular vision (NBV) in our original validation study, reevaluate the usefulness of the cutoff score of 16, and reexamine the validity of the CISS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Six clinical sites participating in the Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial (CITT) enrolled 46 children 9 to &lt;18 years with NBV. Examiners masked to the child's binocular vision status administered the CISS. The mean CISS score was compared with that from the children with NBV in the original, unmasked CISS study and also to that of the 221 symptomatic convergence insufficiency (CI) children enrolled in the CITT.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The mean (\u00b1standard deviation) CISS score for 46 subjects with NBV was 10.4 (\u00b18.1). This was comparable with our prior unmasked NBV study (mean = 8.1 (\u00b16.2); p = 0.11) but was significantly different from that of the CITT CI group (mean = 29.8 \u00b1 9.0; p &lt; 0.001). Eighty\u2010three percent of these NBV subjects scored &lt;16 on the CISS, which is not statistically different from the 87.5% found in the original unmasked study (p = 0.49).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Examiner bias did not affect the CISS scores for subjects with NBV in our prior study. The CISS continues to be a valid instrument for quantifying symptoms in 9 to &lt;18\u2010year\u2010old children. These results also confirm the validity of a cut\u2010point of \u226516 in distinguishing children with symptomatic CI from those with NBV.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/opx.0b013e3181989252","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,21]],"date-time":"2009-05-21T16:20:09Z","timestamp":1242922809000},"page":"357-363","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":155,"title":["Validity of the Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey: A Confirmatory Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Michael","family":"Rouse","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Southern California College of Optometry Fullerton California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Borsting","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southern California College of Optometry Fullerton California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G Lynn","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Ohio State University College of Optometry Columbus Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan A.","family":"Cotter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southern California College of Optometry Fullerton California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marjean","family":"Kulp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Ohio State University College of Optometry Columbus Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitchell","family":"Scheiman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pennsylvania College of Optometry Philadelphia Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Barnhardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southern California College of Optometry Fullerton California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annette","family":"Bade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NOVA Southeastern University Ft. Lauderdale Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomohike","family":"Yamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pennsylvania College of Optometry Philadelphia Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"the Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial (CITT) Investigator Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-199904000-00025","article-title":"Prospective comparison of convergence insufficiency and normal binocular children on CIRS symptom surveys. 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