{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T03:26:05Z","timestamp":1789097165428,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,1]],"date-time":"2009-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1254355200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,1]],"date-time":"2009-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1254355200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["OVS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this article, we examine the relationship between corneal and refractive astigmatism (including with the rule, against\u2010the\u2010rule, and oblique astigmatism) in an adult population using power vectors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Refractive and keratometric measures of astigmatism were conducted on right eyes of 105 white subjects aged 18 to 59 years. We performed a linear regression of refractive astigmatic error on corneal astigmatism, using the J\n                      <jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub>\n                      and J\n                      <jats:sub>45<\/jats:sub>\n                      components of the astigmatism.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We obtained a statistically significant regression relationship between the corneal (C) and refractive (R) astigmatism for both J\n                      <jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub>\n                      and J\n                      <jats:sub>45<\/jats:sub>\n                      components, namely, RJ\n                      <jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub>\n                      = 1.07 \u00d7 CJ\n                      <jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2212 0.28; and RJ\n                      <jats:sub>45<\/jats:sub>\n                      = 1.46 \u00d7 CJ\n                      <jats:sub>45<\/jats:sub>\n                      + 0.03. This results is a kind of generalized Javal rule for an adult population, because it is extended to include oblique astigmatism. We also found that the internal astigmatism is against\u2010the\u2010rule and uniform in our sample.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This vector\u2010based approach is equivalent to the traditional Javal rule, but it has the ability to make predictions about oblique astigmatism, rendering it more general and more accurate.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/opx.0b013e3181baac2c","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,25]],"date-time":"2009-09-25T10:40:53Z","timestamp":1253875253000},"page":"1182-1186","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Corneal and Refractive Astigmatism in Adults: A Power Vectors Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Laura","family":"Rem\u00f3n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de \u00d3ptica Universitat de Valencia Burjassot Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josefa","family":"Benlloch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de \u00d3ptica Universitat de Valencia Burjassot Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walter D.","family":"Furlan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de \u00d3ptica Universitat de Valencia Burjassot Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","first-page":"130","volume-title":"Memoires d\u2019Ophthalmometrie","author":"Javal E","year":"1890"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-198804000-00009","article-title":"Predicting refractive astigmatism: a suggested simplification of Javal\u2019s rule","volume":"65","author":"Grosvenor T","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Optom Physiol 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