{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T07:26:58Z","timestamp":1774942018857,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,1]],"date-time":"2010-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1272672000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,1]],"date-time":"2010-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1272672000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000724","name":"Health Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000724","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["OVS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the relationship between clinical impairment measures and reading performance in a large population with age\u2010related macular degeneration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The following clinical measures were evaluated on 243 patients with age\u2010related macular degeneration: better eye distance visual acuity (ETDRS chart); threshold near word reading acuity (Bailey\u2010Lovie Word Reading chart); maximum reading speed and critical print size (MNREAD chart); letter contrast sensitivity (Pelli\u2010Robson); and kinetic perimetry (Bjerrum screen) to determine the nearest non\u2010scotomatous point to fovea (NNPF; in degrees) and the central scotoma area (mm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Distance acuity correlated well to threshold near word acuity (r = 0.71), but word acuity was usually poorer. Critical print size was strongly related (p &lt; 0.001) to near visual acuity (r\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      = 0.31 and \u03b2 = 0.47) and was poorer than threshold near word visual acuity by a mean difference of \u22120.41 (range, \u22121.10 to 0.34), which represents a mean acuity reserve of 2.5:1. On single regression, distance (p &lt; 0.0001, r\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      = 0.35, and \u03b2 = \u2212102.37) and near acuities (p &lt; 0.0001, r\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      = 0.52, \u03b2 = \u2212126.53), critical print size (p = 0.0001, r\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      = 19, and \u03b2 = 0.002), contrast sensitivity (p &lt; 0.0001, r\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      = 19, and \u03b2 = 79.47), scotoma size (p = 0.006, r\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      = 12, and \u03b2 = \u22120.04), and NNPF (p = 0.001, r\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      = 12, and \u03b2 = \u22124.39) were all highly significantly related to reading speed although these predicted only a low percentage of variance. Best prediction of reading speed was obtained on multiple regression, where NNPF and near word acuity explained 60% of the variance (p &lt; 0.0001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Optimal prediction of reading speed with clinical parameters appears to be based on the combination of near word acuity and scotoma area, explaining 60% of the variance. Other factors not measured in this study are likely to account for the rest of the prediction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/opx.0b013e3181d9515c","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,9]],"date-time":"2010-04-09T03:38:28Z","timestamp":1270784308000},"page":"344-349","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Clinical Impairment Measures and Reading Performance in a Large Age\u2010Related Macular Degeneration Group"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"Isabel","family":"Cacho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Life Sciences The University of Manchester Manchester United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christine Margaret","family":"Dickinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Life Sciences The University of Manchester Manchester United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heather Jane","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Life Sciences The University of Manchester Manchester United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert Anthony","family":"Harper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Life Sciences The University of Manchester Manchester United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-199301000-00010","article-title":"Visual requirements for reading","volume":"70","author":"Whittaker SG","year":"1993","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-198512000-00004","article-title":"Scanning characters and reading with a central scotoma","volume":"62","author":"Cummings RW","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am J Optom Physiol Opt"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-199502000-00009","article-title":"Reading rates with artificial central scotomata with and without spatial remapping of print","volume":"72","author":"Wensveen JM","year":"1995","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(02)01566-X","article-title":"Scotoma size and reading speed in patients with subfoveal occult choroidal neovascularization in age\u2010related macular degeneration","volume":"110","author":"Ergun E","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(85)90118-X","article-title":"Psychophysics of reading. 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