{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T12:43:48Z","timestamp":1793191428446,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,1]],"date-time":"2010-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1291161600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,1]],"date-time":"2010-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1291161600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001773","name":"University of New South Wales","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001773","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["OVS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The role of inherent spherical aberration (SA) in the optical performance of presbyopic eyes corrected with simultaneous vision multifocal contact lenses was investigated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Presbyopic schematic eyes were modeled with partial accommodative function to represent 45\u2010 and 55\u2010year olds and were further classified into five categories based on their magnitude of inherent SA. Two representative ametropic models of each category were corrected with four multifocal contact lens iterations. High\u2010add designs were used to correct 55\u2010year olds, whereas low\u2010add designs served 45\u2010year ones. The overall performances were gauged in terms of visual Strehl ratio and area under through\u2010focus modulation transfer function.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The root mean square error of higher order aberrations of the eye and correcting lens combination were significantly different (p &lt; 0.05) within the five inherent SA models, for all pupils and accommodative states. Area under through\u2010focus modulation transfer function at all three spatial frequencies tested was found to be significantly different (p &lt; 0.05) within the five SA models. Visual Strehl ratio measures were also different but statistically insignificant. Eyes having the same refractive prescriptions but diverse levels of inherent SA perform differently even when corrected with identical multifocal designs, and the performance is dependent on pupil size and level of residual accommodation. Overall, the distinct performances within the five SA models were optically relevant for pupils \u223c4 mm and greater. Among the designs investigated, the low\u2010add multizone iteration demonstrated performance relatively independent of the inherent SA because of the favorable interactions of defocus with primary, secondary, and tertiary SA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings confirm that the coupling of ocular SA and correcting lens aberrations contributes to the multifocal functionality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/opx.0b013e3181fbad60","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,29]],"date-time":"2010-10-29T05:06:26Z","timestamp":1288328786000},"page":"1009-1022","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Inherent Ocular Spherical Aberration and Multifocal Contact Lens Optical Performance"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"Ravi 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