{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T03:40:39Z","timestamp":1781062839745,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,1]],"date-time":"2010-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1291161600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,1]],"date-time":"2010-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1291161600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["OVS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To investigate ocular disease and visual acuity defects in patients with HIV\/AIDS according to CD4\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      T\u2010cells counts.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The CD4\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      T lymphocyte counts of all the volunteers were obtained. Visual acuity, refraction, ophthalmoscope, and slitlamp examinations were performed on each patient after the CD4\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      T\u2010cell count result was obtained.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Young adults aged between 21 and 30 years were mostly affected, 39 (97.5%) of the HIV patients had refractive errors, and 10 (25%) had reduced vision. Seven (17.5%) moderate and one (2.5%) severe low vision patients were found between 499 to 0 and 299 to 200 CD4\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      T\u2010cell counts, respectively. Ocular diseases found in various CD4\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      T\u2010cells counts were proptosis (2.5%), orbital cellulitis (2.5%), and cytomegalovirus retinitis (2.5%) in 99 to 0, keratoconjunctivitis sicca (2.5%) and corneal keratitis (2.5%) in 499 to 400, molluscum contagiosum (2.5%) in 299 to 200, iridocyclitis (2.5%) in 199 to 100, cloudy media (22.5%), red eyes (30%), poor pupillary reflexes (17.5%), and painful eye (30%) in 499 to 0, retinal exudates (15%), disc edema (30%), and choroidoretinitis (15%) in 399 to 0, ocular toxoplasmosis (5%) and herpes zoster (7.5%) in 299 to 100, Kaposi sarcoma (12.5%) in 199 to 0, conjunctivitis (7.5%) in 499 to 300, and uveitis (7.5%) in 399 to 200. There were significant differences between visual acuity of the control and the HIV\/AIDS patients, p &lt; 0.05.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Ocular impairments increased with decrease in CD4\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      T\u2010cells counts. Additional studies are required in predicting the CD4\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      T\u2010cells counts that will serve as a marker for specific ocular disease manifestation in HIV\/AIDS.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/opx.0b013e3181fef198","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,19]],"date-time":"2010-11-19T02:27:49Z","timestamp":1290133669000},"page":"979-984","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Ocular Problems in HIV and AIDS Patients in Nigeria"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"Michael Osita","family":"Emina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Optometry University of Benin Benin City Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stella E.","family":"Odjimogho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Optometry University of Benin Benin City Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","first-page":"256","article-title":"HIV and tuberculosus: the ominous connection","volume":"2","author":"Bhatia RS","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Indian Acad Clin Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","first-page":"613","article-title":"Tuberculosis and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome","volume":"48","author":"Bhatia RS","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Assoc Physicians India"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","first-page":"551","article-title":"Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and the eye","volume":"49","author":"Biswas J","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Assoc Physicians India"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","first-page":"33","article-title":"HIV\/AIDS: what is the impact on prevention of blindness programmes?","volume":"16","author":"Lewallen S","year":"2003","journal-title":"Community Eye Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199505043321801","article-title":"Detection of herpesvirus\u2010like DNA sequences in Kaposi's sarcoma in patients with and without HIV infection","volume":"332","author":"Moore PS","year":"1995","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","first-page":"289","volume-title":"Ocular Infection and Immunity","author":"Jabs DA","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","first-page":"6405","article-title":"Comparative analysis of cell culture and prediction algorithms for phenotyping of genetically diverse HIV\u20101 strains from Cameroon","volume":"27","author":"Ragupathy V","year":"2009","journal-title":"AIDS Res Ther"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1097\/00055735-200212000-00010","article-title":"Ocular manifestations of HIV\/AIDS","volume":"13","author":"Moraes HV","year":"2002","journal-title":"Curr Opin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","volume-title":"Consultation on Development of Standards for Characterization of Vision Loss and Visual Functioning: WHO\/PBL\/03.91","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1258\/ijsa.2007.005666","article-title":"What you can see in your patient's eyes? 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