{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T13:51:26Z","timestamp":1790776286722,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,1]],"date-time":"2010-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1291161600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,1]],"date-time":"2010-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1291161600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["OVS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate evidence\u2010based visual field size criteria for referral of low\u2010vision (LV) patients for mobility rehabilitation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      One hundred and nine participants with LV and 41 age\u2010matched participants with normal sight (NS) were recruited. The LV group was heterogeneous with diverse causes of visual impairment. We measured binocular kinetic visual fields with the Humphrey Field Analyzer and mobility performance on an obstacle\u2010rich, indoor course. Mobility was assessed as percent preferred walking speed (PPWS) and number of obstacle\u2010contact errors. The weighted kappa coefficient of association (\u03ba\n                      <jats:sub>r<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) was used to discriminate LV participants with both unsafe and inefficient mobility from those with adequate mobility on the basis of their visual field size for the full sample and for subgroups according to type of visual field loss and whether or not the participants had previously received orientation and mobility training.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>LV participants with both PPWS &lt;38% and errors &gt;6 on our course were classified as having inadequate (inefficient and unsafe) mobility compared with NS participants. Mobility appeared to be first compromised when the visual field was less than about 1.2 steradians (sr; solid angle of a circular visual field of about 70\u00b0 diameter). Visual fields &lt;0.23 and 0.63 sr (31 to 52\u00b0 diameter) discriminated patients with at\u2010risk mobility for the full sample and across the two subgroups. A visual field of 0.05 sr (15\u00b0 diameter) discriminated those with critical mobility.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our study suggests that: practitioners should be alert to potential mobility difficulties when the visual field is less than about 1.2 sr (70\u00b0 diameter); assessment for mobility rehabilitation may be warranted when the visual field is constricted to about 0.23 to 0.63 sr (31 to 52\u00b0 diameter) depending on the nature of their visual field loss and previous history (at risk); and mobility rehabilitation should be conducted before the visual field is constricted to 0.05 sr (15\u00b0 diameter; critical).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/opx.0b013e3181ff99be","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,13]],"date-time":"2010-11-13T04:17:17Z","timestamp":1289621837000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Visual Field Size Criteria for Mobility Rehabilitation Referral"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"Jan E.","family":"Lovie\u2010Kitchin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Optometry Queensland University of Technology Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grace P.","family":"Soong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Optometry Queensland University of Technology Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shirin E.","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Optometry Queensland University of Technology Brisbane Queensland Australia"},{"name":"Indiana University School of Optometry Bloomington Indiana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Russell L.","family":"Woods","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Optometry Queensland University of Technology Brisbane Queensland Australia"},{"name":"Schepens Eye Research Institute Department of Ophthalmology Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1989.tb05678.x","article-title":"Impaired vision and hip fracture. 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