{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,7]],"date-time":"2026-11-07T09:16:18Z","timestamp":1794042978516,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":100,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,1]],"date-time":"2010-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1291161600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,1]],"date-time":"2010-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1291161600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Eye Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["OVS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The human retina is a uniquely accessible tissue. Tools like scanning laser ophthalmoscopy and spectral domain\u2010optical coherence tomography provide clinicians with remarkably clear pictures of the living retina. Although the anterior optics of the eye permit such non\u2010invasive visualization of the retina and associated pathology, the same optics induce significant aberrations that obviate cellular\u2010resolution imaging in most cases. Adaptive optics (AO) imaging systems use active optical elements to compensate for aberrations in the optical path between the object and the camera. When applied to the human eye, AO allows direct visualization of individual rod and cone photoreceptor cells, retinal pigment epithelium cells, and white blood cells. AO imaging has changed the way vision scientists and ophthalmologists see the retina, helping to clarify our understanding of retinal structure, function, and the etiology of various retinal pathologies. Here, we review some of the advances that were made possible with AO imaging of the human retina and discuss applications and future prospects for clinical imaging.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1097\/opx.0b013e3181ff9a8b","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,6]],"date-time":"2010-11-06T01:48:47Z","timestamp":1289008127000},"page":"930-941","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":161,"title":["Adaptive Optics Retinal Imaging: Emerging Clinical Applications"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"Pooja","family":"Godara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam M.","family":"Dubis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Austin","family":"Roorda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Optometry University of California, Berkeley Berkeley California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacque L.","family":"Duncan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology University of California San Francisco San Francisco California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Carroll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee Wisconsin"},{"name":"Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee Wisconsin"},{"name":"Department of Biophysics Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","volume-title":"Principles of Adaptive Optics","author":"Tyson RK","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/0471914878","volume-title":"Adaptive Optics for Vision Science: Principles, Practices, Design, and Applications","author":"Porter J","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAA.24.001305","article-title":"High\u2010resolution adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope with dual deformable mirrors","volume":"24","author":"Chen DC","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Opt Soc Am (A)"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ZawadzkiRJ ChoiSS WernerJS JonesSM ChenD OlivierSS ZhangY RhaJ CenseB MillerDT.Two Deformable Mirror Adaptive Optics System for in vivo Retinal Imaging with Optical Coherence Tomography. In Biomedical Optics. Technical Digest (CD) (Optical Society of America 2006) paper WC2.","DOI":"10.1364\/BIO.2006.WC2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2602","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.33.002602","article-title":"Wavefront\u2010aberration sorting and correction for a dual\u2010deformable\u2010mirror adaptive\u2010optics system","volume":"33","author":"Zou W","year":"2008","journal-title":"Opt Lett"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16671","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.18.016671","article-title":"A correction algorithm to simultaneously control dual deformable mirrors in a woofer\u2010 tweeter adaptive optics system","volume":"18","author":"Li C","year":"2010","journal-title":"Opt Express"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.8.000631","article-title":"Improvement in retinal image quality with dynamic correction of the eye's aberrations","volume":"8","author":"Hofer H","year":"2001","journal-title":"Opt 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