{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T04:42:08Z","timestamp":1790397728117,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,1]],"date-time":"2011-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1296518400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,1]],"date-time":"2011-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1296518400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["OVS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Goji berry (\n                      <jats:italic>Lycium barbarum<\/jats:italic>\n                      L.) is purported to benefit vision because of its high antioxidant (especially zeaxanthin) content, although this effect has not been demonstrated in high\u2010quality human studies. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of daily supplementation with a proprietary milk\u2010based formulation of goji berry, Lacto\u2010Wolfberry (LWB), on macular characteristics and plasma zeaxanthin and antioxidant capacity levels in elderly subjects.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a double\u2010masked, randomized, placebo\u2010controlled trial in healthy elderly subjects (range, 65 to 70 years) receiving 13.7 g\/d of LWB (n = 75) or placebo (n = 75) for 90 days. Subjects underwent direct ophthalmic examination to assess pigmentation and soft drusen count in the macula and a blood draw to measure plasma zeaxanthin level and total antioxidant capacity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The placebo group demonstrated hypopigmentation and soft drusen accumulation in the macula, whereas the LWB group remained stable. Both plasma zeaxanthin level and antioxidant capacity increased significantly in the LWB group, by 26% and 57%, respectively, but did not change in the placebo group. No product\u2010related adverse events were reported in either group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall, daily dietary supplementation with goji berry for 90 days increases plasma zeaxanthin and antioxidant levels as well as protects from hypopigmentation and soft drusen accumulation in the macula of elderly subjects. However, the mechanism of action is unclear, given the lack of relationship between change in plasma zeaxanthin and change in macular characteristics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/opx.0b013e318205a18f","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,18]],"date-time":"2010-12-18T00:29:00Z","timestamp":1292632140000},"page":"257-262","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["Goji Berry Effects on Macular Characteristics and Plasma Antioxidant Levels"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"88","author":[{"given":"Peter","family":"Bucheli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Manufacturing Support Department Nestl\u00e9 Product Technology Center Konolfingen Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karine","family":"Vidal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition and Health Department Nestl\u00e9 Research Centre Vers\u2010chez\u2010les Blanc Lausanne Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisong","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhencheng","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology Department Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlie","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xinhua Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai, China, Sprim China Ltd. Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Larry E.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sprim Advanced Life Sciences San Francisco California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junkuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Science and Research Nestl\u00e9 R&amp;D Center Beijing Ltd. 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What do we know so far?","volume":"28","author":"Chang RC","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1186218","article-title":"Goji (Lycium barbarum and L. chinense): phytochemistry, pharmacology and safety in the perspective of traditional uses and recent popularity","volume":"76","author":"Potterat O","year":"2010","journal-title":"Planta Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_2","first-page":"439","article-title":"Macular pigment and risk for age\u2010related macular degeneration in subjects from a Northern European population","volume":"42","author":"Beatty S","year":"2001","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1080\/10408390802066979","article-title":"Associations between lutein, zeaxanthin, and age\u2010related macular degeneration: an overview","volume":"49","author":"Carpentier S","year":"2009","journal-title":"Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/133.4.992","article-title":"Lutein and zeaxanthin dietary supplements raise macular pigment density and serum concentrations of these carotenoids in humans","volume":"133","author":"Bone RA","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1089\/acm.2008.0004","article-title":"A randomized, double\u2010blind, placebo\u2010controlled, clinical study of the general effects of a standardized Lycium barbarum (Goji) Juice, GoChi","volume":"14","author":"Amagase H","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Altern Complement Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2008.11.005","article-title":"Lycium barbarum (goji) juice improves in vivo antioxidant biomarkers in serum of healthy adults","volume":"29","author":"Amagase H","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nutr Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN20061796","article-title":"Enhanced bioavailability of zeaxanthin in a milk\u2010based formulation of wolfberry (Gou Qi Zi; Fructus barbarum L.)","volume":"96","author":"Benzie IF","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN20041105","article-title":"Comparison of plasma responses in human subjects after the ingestion of 3R,3R\u2018\u2010zeaxanthin dipalmitate from wolfberry (Lycium barbarum) and non\u2010esterified 3R,3R\u2018\u2010zeaxanthin using chiral high\u2010performance liquid chromatography","volume":"91","author":"Breithaupt DE","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN20041284","article-title":"Fasting plasma zeaxanthin response to Fructus barbarum L. 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