{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T05:09:14Z","timestamp":1790658554486,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,1]],"date-time":"2011-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1296518400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,1]],"date-time":"2011-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1296518400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Eye Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01\u2010EY05068"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01\u2010EY05068"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T35\u2010EY07088"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T35\u2010EY07088"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30\u2010EY07551"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30\u2010EY07551"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["OVS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In persons with infantile nystagmus (IN), visual acuity correlates with the duration of the foveation period of the nystagmus waveform, i.e., when the retinal image is on or near the fovea and moves with low velocity. In this study, we asked how acuity is affected by the non\u2010foveating phases of the nystagmus waveform, when the velocity of retinal image motion is substantially higher.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Visual acuity was measured in three normal observers for high contrast, four\u2010orientation single T\u2010stimuli, presented during image motion that simulated either the whole jerk\u2010IN waveform (whole\u2010waveform) or only the foveation periods of the IN waveform (foveation\u2010only). Simulated foveation durations ranged from 20 to 120 ms. For both motion waveforms, we displayed the acuity target for different number of cycles to examine whether acuity benefits from multiple presentations of the stimulus.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>As expected, visual acuity improves with longer simulated foveation durations in both the whole\u2010waveform and foveation\u2010only conditions. Acuity is consistently better (by \u223c0.1 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution) in the foveation\u2010only than the whole\u2010waveform condition, indicating that the high\u2010velocity image motion during the simulated IN waveform has a detrimental effect. This difference in acuity between the two waveform conditions increases with the number of cycles, apparently because summation occurs across cycles in the foveation\u2010only condition but not in the whole\u2010waveform condition.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In normal observers, visual acuity in the presence of a simulated nystagmus waveform is limited not only by the duration of the foveation periods, but also by the non\u2010foveating phases of the waveform. However, because persons with IN report little or no motion smear in association with their nystagmus, it remains unclear whether the rapid retinal image motion during the non\u2010foveating phases of the nystagmus waveform generates a similar degradation of visual acuity in IN.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/opx.0b013e31820846dd","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,31]],"date-time":"2010-12-31T12:26:15Z","timestamp":1293798375000},"page":"200-207","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Influence of Motion Smear on Visual Acuity in Simulated Infantile Nystagmus"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"88","author":[{"given":"Susana T.L.","family":"Chung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Optometry University of California Berkeley Berkeley California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin W.","family":"LaFrance","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Air Force Research Laboratory Brooks City\u2010Base Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harold E.","family":"Bedell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Optometry University of Houston Houston Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSA.65.000847","article-title":"Visual acuity in the presence of retinal\u2010image motion","volume":"65","author":"Westheimer G","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Opt Soc Am"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(78)90196-7","article-title":"Pattern thresholds for moving and stationary gratings during smooth eye movement","volume":"18","author":"Murphy BJ","year":"1978","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","first-page":"1894","article-title":"Dynamic visual 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