{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T23:44:44Z","timestamp":1787010284992,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,1]],"date-time":"2011-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1296518400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,1]],"date-time":"2011-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1296518400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["OVS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To demonstrate that relatively simple third\u2010order theory can provide a framework which shows how peripheral refraction can be manipulated by altering the forms of spectacle lenses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Third\u2010order equations were used to yield lens forms that correct peripheral power errors, either for the lenses alone or in combination with typical peripheral refractions of myopic eyes. These results were compared with those of finite raytracing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The approximate forms of spherical and conicoidal lenses provided by third\u2010order theory were flatter over a moderate myopic range than the forms obtained by rigorous raytracing. Lenses designed to correct peripheral refractive errors produced large errors when used with foveal vision and a rotating eye. Correcting astigmatism tended to give large errors in mean oblique error and vice versa. When only spherical lens forms are used, correction of the relative hypermetropic peripheral refractions of myopic eyes that are observed experimentally, or the provision of relative myopic peripheral refractions in such eyes, appears impossible in the majority of cases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The third\u2010order spectacle lens design approach can readily be used to show trends in peripheral refraction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/opx.0b013e31820847d2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,7]],"date-time":"2011-01-07T03:06:12Z","timestamp":1294369572000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Third\u2010Order Theory of Spectacle Lenses Applied to Correction of Peripheral Refractive Errors"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"88","author":[{"given":"David A.","family":"Atchison","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Optometry and Institute of Health &amp; Biomedical Innovation Queensland University of Technology Kelvin Grove Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1159\/000306646","article-title":"Acquired myopia in young pilots","volume":"163","author":"Hoogerheide J","year":"1971","journal-title":"Ophthalmologica"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3965","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.05-0445","article-title":"Peripheral vision can influence eye growth and refractive development in infant monkeys","volume":"46","author":"Smith EL","year":"2005","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3914","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.06-1264","article-title":"Effects of foveal ablation on emmetropization and form\u2010deprivation myopia","volume":"48","author":"Smith EL","year":"2007","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2386","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2009.07.011","article-title":"Relative peripheral hyperopic defocus alters central refractive development in infant monkeys","volume":"49","author":"Smith EL","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1097\/01.opx.0000232840.66716.af","article-title":"Peripheral refraction in orthokeratology patients","volume":"83","author":"Charman WN","year":"2006","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2004.05.059","article-title":"Off\u2010axis refraction and aberrations following conventional laser in situ keratomileusis","volume":"31","author":"Ma L","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0b013e31819fa5aa","article-title":"Effect of orthokeratology on peripheral aberrations of the eye","volume":"86","author":"Mathur A","year":"2009","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2010.01.018","article-title":"Influence of spherical intraocular lens implantation and conventional laser in situ keratomileusis on peripheral ocular aberrations","volume":"36","author":"Mathur A","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0b013e3181d951f7","article-title":"Peripheral refraction in myopic patients after orthokeratology","volume":"87","author":"Queir\u00f3s A","year":"2010","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2006.01.004","article-title":"Optical models for human myopic eyes","volume":"46","author":"Atchison DA","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_2","unstructured":"HoA SmithELIII SankaridurgP HoldenBA.Method and apparatus for controlling peripheral image position for reducing progression of myopia. 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