{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T07:50:01Z","timestamp":1774943401209,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,1]],"date-time":"2011-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1301616000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,1]],"date-time":"2011-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1301616000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001602","name":"Science Foundation Ireland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["07\/IN.1\/1906"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["07\/IN.1\/1906"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001602","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["OVS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We have designed and constructed an ultraviolet (UV) illumination system for use in corneal collagen crosslinking (CXL) procedures. CXL is a recently developed procedure to treat Keratectasia such as Keratoconus and Pellucid Marginal Degeneration. The role of the illumination system is to safely provide UV light at the absorption peak of the Riboflavin photosensitizer, which generates reactive oxygen species and subsequently increases the number of covalent bonds between collagen fibrils.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Raytracing simulations were used to compare various optical designs for the illumination system. Alternative layouts are presented and design compromises between competing goals are discussed in reference to safety and practical considerations for clinical use. The mechanical mounting system and the beam output power and beam diameter testing system are briefly described.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The illumination system has several features that help provide uniform effectivity of the applied treatment over the desired treatment diameter, assuming Riboflavin has uniform absorption in the treatment zone. The optical design offers substantially greater beam control and safety than rudimentary devices relying on direct illumination. The prototype was relatively inexpensive to construct and includes a mounting system and beam testing setup.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The UV illumination system was found to be successful in providing a balanced solution regarding clinical use and the eye safety issues relevant to CXL.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/opx.0b013e31820f1585","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,11]],"date-time":"2011-02-11T03:16:31Z","timestamp":1297394191000},"page":"512-524","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Illumination System for Corneal Collagen Crosslinking"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"88","author":[{"given":"Matthew","family":"Sheehan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied Optics School of Physics Science Faculty National University Ireland\u2014Galway Galway Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bill","family":"Watson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brisbane North Eye Centre Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Goncharov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied Optics School of Physics Science Faculty National University Ireland\u2014Galway Galway Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1007\/s003470050219","article-title":"Increased rigidity of the cornea caused by intrastromal cross\u2010linking","volume":"94","author":"Sporl E","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ophthalmologe"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(02)02220-1","article-title":"Riboflavin\/ultraviolet\u2010a\u2010induced collagen crosslinking for the treatment of keratoconus","volume":"135","author":"Wollensak G","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-9071.2010.02228.x","article-title":"Collagen cross\u2010linking: a new treatment paradigm in corneal disease\u2014a review","volume":"38","author":"Snibson GR","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Experiment Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1780","DOI":"10.1016\/S0886-3350(03)00407-3","article-title":"Stress\u2010strain measurements of human and porcine corneas after riboflavin\u2010ultraviolet\u2010A\u2010induced cross\u2010linking","volume":"29","author":"Wollensak G","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2009.164228","article-title":"Collagen cross\u2010linkage: a comprehensive review and directions for future research","volume":"94","author":"Ashwin PT","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e3180334f78","article-title":"Safety of UVA\u2010riboflavin cross\u2010linking of the cornea","volume":"26","author":"Spoerl E","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","unstructured":"Corneal collagen crosslinking. Available at:http:\/\/www.clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/results?term=%22corneal+collagen+crosslinking%22. Accessed June 17 2010."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2006.01.091","article-title":"Parasurgical therapy for keratoconus by riboflavin\u2010ultraviolet type A rays induced cross\u2010linking of corneal collagen: preliminary refractive results in an Italian study","volume":"32","author":"Caporossi A","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"BueelerM SpoerlE SeilerT MrochenM.UV collagen cross\u2010linking of the cornea: safety aspects and design of a UV illumination system. In: Manns F S\u00f6derberg PG Ho A Stuck BE Belkin M eds. Ophthalmic Technologies XVIII. Proceedings of the SPIE 2008 vol6844:68440Z\u201368440Z\u201311. San Jose CA.","DOI":"10.1117\/12.764769"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","unstructured":"UV\u2010X\u2122\u2014Illumination system for corneal cross linking IROC Medical. Available at:http:\/\/www.irocmedical.com. Accessed February 20 2010."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","article-title":"Technological innovations in corneal collagen cross\u2010linking","volume":"3","author":"Caporossi A","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Times Eur"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","unstructured":"Specification sheet of SCHEDA TECNICA DEL CBM X LINKER. Available at:http:\/\/www.studiovichi.it\/utiilty\/SCHEDA_TECNICA_CBMXLINKER.pdf. Accessed June 14 2010."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","unstructured":"Specification sheet of CBM Vega X Link. Available at:http:\/\/www.bon.de\/download\/xlinke.pdf. Accessed August 2 2010."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","unstructured":"Specification sheet of CARATTERISTICHE TECNICHE CBM X linker. Available at:http:\/\/www.oogroup.it\/oftaht\/en\/prodotti\/pdf\/foglio_illustrativo\/Caratteristiche_Tecniche.pdf. Accessed June 14 2010."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","unstructured":"JoryD HafeziF.The Global Keratoconus Foundation. Keratoconus: frequently asked questions: Corneal Collagen Crosslinking (CXL) FAQs. Available at:http:\/\/kcglobal.org\/content\/view\/11\/25\/. Accessed February 20 2010."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","first-page":"18","volume-title":"Surgical Techniques in Ophthalmology, Corneal Surgery","author":"Kanellopoulos AJ","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","first-page":"18","article-title":"Combining topography\u2010guided PRK with CXL\u2014The Athens Protocol: same\u2010day simultaneous treatment stabilizes ectasia and enhances visual rehabilitation","volume":"5","author":"Kanellopoulos AJ","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cataract Refract Surg Today (Eur)"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","unstructured":"KruegerRR SpoerlE HerekarS.Rapid vs standard collagen CXL with equivalent energy dosing. In: Proceedings of the Third International Congress of Corneal Collagen Cross\u2010Linking. Available at:http:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/Iogen\/krueger\u2010herekar\u2010rapid\u2010cross\u2010linking. Accessed June 14 2010."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","unstructured":"HerekarSV.Method for equi\u2010dosed time fractionated pulsed UVA irradiation of collagen\/riboflavin mixtures for ocular structural augmentation. International patent classification 8 (IPC8) class: AA61N506FI. Available at:http:\/\/www.faqs.org\/patents\/app\/20090149923. Accessed February 20 2010."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","unstructured":"HerekarSV.Method and apparatus for photo\u2010chemical oculoplasty\/keratoplasty. US Patent application 2008\/0015660. January 17 2008. Available at:http:\/\/www.patentstorm.us\/applications\/20080015660\/fulltext.html. Accessed February 20 2010."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1258","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2009.205","article-title":"Intraoperative and postoperative effects of corneal collagen cross\u2010linking on progressive keratoconus","volume":"127","author":"Vinciguerra P","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1117\/3.855480","volume-title":"Optical Design of Microscopes","author":"Seward GH","year":"2010"}],"container-title":["Optometry and Vision Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1097\/OPX.0b013e31820f1585","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1097\/OPX.0b013e31820f1585","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1097\/OPX.0b013e31820f1585","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T06:15:12Z","timestamp":1774937712000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1097\/OPX.0b013e31820f1585"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,4]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1097\/OPX.0b013e31820f1585"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/opx.0b013e31820f1585","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1040-5488","1538-9235"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1040-5488","type":"print"},{"value":"1538-9235","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,4]]}}}