{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T07:15:14Z","timestamp":1793085314082,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,1]],"date-time":"2011-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1314835200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,1]],"date-time":"2011-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1314835200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Eye Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["OVS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To identify longitudinal changes in fusional vergence ranges and their relationship to other clinical measures in young myopic subjects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Measurements were collected annually for 10 years on 114 subjects from the University of Houston Correction of Myopia Evaluation Trial cohort. Subject age was 7 to 13 years at year 1 of follow\u2010up. Measurements included refractive error, distance and near phoria, interpupillary distance (IPD), prism bar fusional vergence ranges, and nearpoint of convergence (NPC). Multilevel modeling was used to determine baseline and rate of change for fusional vergence ranges and the impact of phoria, IPD, and NPC on these measures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Year 1 mean distance base\u2010out (BO) break was 20 prism diopters (pd) and decreased 5.6 pd over 10 years (p &lt; 0.001). Mean near BO break was 30 pd at year 1 and decreased 9.4 pd over 10 years (p &lt; 0.001). Greater esophoria was significantly related to greater BO break (p &lt; 0.02) and receded NPC was significantly related to lower magnitude BO break at near (p &lt; 0.001). Distance IPD increased 3 mm over 10 years (p &lt; 0.001) but was unrelated to the magnitude of the BO ranges (p &gt; 0.2). Mean distance base\u2010in (BI) break was 7 pd at year 1 and increased 0.5 pd in 10 years (p = 0.04). Mean near BI break was 13 pd at year 1 and did not significantly change. Mean distance phoria was 0.1 pd exophoria at year 1 and did not change, whereas near phoria was 2.4 pd esophoria at year 1 and became more exophoric (4 pd in 10 years, p &lt; 0.001).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These results suggest that for myopic children convergence ranges decrease for both distance and near viewing during the school years as near phoria becomes more exophoric. These findings could have clinical implications given that compensating convergence ranges decrease as near phoria becomes more divergent.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/opx.0b013e31822171c0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,27]],"date-time":"2011-05-27T06:39:25Z","timestamp":1306478365000},"page":"1060-1065","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Ten\u2010Year Changes in Fusional Vergence, Phoria, and Nearpoint of Convergence in Myopic Children"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"88","author":[{"given":"Heather","family":"Anderson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Houston College of Optometry Houston Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karla K.","family":"Stuebing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas Institute for Measurement and Evaluation of Statistics University of Houston Houston Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen D.","family":"Fern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Houston College of Optometry Houston Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruth E.","family":"Manny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Houston College of Optometry Houston Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-193001000-00001","article-title":"Zones of ocular discomfort","volume":"7","author":"Sheard C","year":"1930","journal-title":"Am J Optom"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-198806000-00004","article-title":"Visual therapy results for convergence insufficiency: a literature review","volume":"65","author":"Grisham JD","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Optom Physiol Opt"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-199106000-00005","article-title":"Vergence orthoptics: validity and persistence of the training effect","volume":"68","author":"Grisham JD","year":"1991","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0b013e31819fa712","article-title":"Treatment of convergence insufficiency in childhood: a current perspective","volume":"86","author":"Scheiman M","year":"2009","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_2","first-page":"276","article-title":"A normative study of step vergence in elementary schoolchildren","volume":"60","author":"Scheiman M","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Am Optom Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-198208000-00002","article-title":"Normalization of prism bar vergences","volume":"59","author":"Wesson MD","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am J Optom Physiol Opt"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_2","volume-title":"Clinical Management of Binocular Vision: Heterophoric, Accommodative, and Eye Movement Disorders","author":"Scheiman M","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1492","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.02-0816","article-title":"A randomized clinical trial of progressive addition lenses versus single vision lenses on the progression of myopia in children","volume":"44","author":"Gwiazda J","year":"2003","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_2","volume-title":"SAS for Mixed Models","author":"Littell RD","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_2","article-title":"Repeatability of prism bar vergences in elementary schoolchildren","volume":"83","author":"Myung E","year":"2006","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-200204000-00012","article-title":"Reliability of binocular vision measurements used in the classification of convergence insufficiency","volume":"79","author":"Rouse MW","year":"2002","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_2","first-page":"939","article-title":"The intraexaminer and interexaminer repeatability of the alternate cover test using different prism neutralization endpoints","volume":"81","author":"Johns HA","year":"2004","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-1313.2004.00234.x","article-title":"Statistical normal values of visual parameters that characterize binocular function in children","volume":"24","author":"Jimenez R","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol Opt"}],"container-title":["Optometry and Vision Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1097\/OPX.0b013e31822171c0","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1097\/OPX.0b013e31822171c0","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1097\/OPX.0b013e31822171c0","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T06:17:02Z","timestamp":1774937822000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1097\/OPX.0b013e31822171c0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,9]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1097\/OPX.0b013e31822171c0"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/opx.0b013e31822171c0","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1040-5488","1538-9235"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1040-5488","type":"print"},{"value":"1538-9235","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,9]]}}}