{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T11:17:11Z","timestamp":1781608631553,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,1]],"date-time":"2012-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1328054400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,1]],"date-time":"2012-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1328054400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010231","name":"Banting Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010231","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000196","name":"Canada Foundation for Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["OVS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We investigated the effects of early monocular enucleation (ME) (surgical removal of one eye) on a high\u2010level spatial visual ability, namely face perception. Early monocular deprivation of pattern vision from disorders such as strabismus, amblyopia, or cataract is associated with impairments in low\u2010level spatial vision. This is inconsistent with studies of early ME that show either equivalent or enhanced low\u2010level spatial vision compared with controls. Impairments on some aspects of face perception (i.e., feature\u2010spacing and holistic face processing, both of which mature later in life) have been found with early pattern deprivation from congenital cataract. It is not clear whether the intact low\u2010level spatial vision with ME will also persist with high\u2010level face perception or whether deficits similar to those found with cataract will emerge.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We tested individuals who have experienced early ME and controls on a series of high\u2010level spatial visual tasks that measure feature\u2010spacing, feature, and holistic face processing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The ME group were slower for feature spacing and feature tasks. Furthermore, the ME group did not exhibit the normal pattern of poorer performance on the aligned compared with misaligned composite face discrimination tasks, demonstrating a lack of the composite face effect. However, they did show the normal pattern of poorer performance on same vs. different trials on the aligned tasks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These results indicate an impairment in the feature spacing and feature aspects of face perception with ME. They also suggest a present yet, incomplete, development of holistic face processing in this group. Although the complete removal of inhibitory binocular interactions and\/or the absence of binocular competition in early ME may result in cortical reorganization of the visual system and preserve low\u2010 to mid\u2010level spatial vision, it may be insufficient for the maturation of high\u2010level face perception.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/opx.0b013e318240488e","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,24]],"date-time":"2011-12-24T11:47:49Z","timestamp":1324727269000},"page":"137-147","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Impaired Face Processing in Early Monocular Deprivation from Enucleation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Krista R.","family":"Kelly","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Vision Research York University Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychology Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brenda L.","family":"Gallie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"York University, and Ophthalmology and Cancer Informatics University Health Network University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer K. E.","family":"Steeves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Vision Research York University Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychology Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(77)90009-8","article-title":"The threshold contrast sensitivity function in strabismic amblyopia: evidence for a two type classification","volume":"17","author":"Hess RF","year":"1977","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(87)90295-9","article-title":"The contrast sensitivity function and childhood amblyopia","volume":"104","author":"Rogers GL","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3265","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(94)90065-5","article-title":"Amblyopic and peripheral vernier acuity: a test\u2010pedestal approach","volume":"34","author":"Levi DM","year":"1994","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_2","first-page":"2080","article-title":"Development of grating acuity in children treated for unilateral or bilateral congenital cataract","volume":"36","author":"Lewis TL","year":"1995","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3283","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-6989(00)00165-6","article-title":"Influence of monocular deprivation during infancy on the later development of spatial and temporal vision","volume":"40","author":"Ellemberg D","year":"2000","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2010.09.029","article-title":"Visual deficits in anisometropia","volume":"51","author":"Levi DM","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1963.26.6.978","article-title":"Effects of visual deprivation on morphology and physiology of cells in the cats lateral geniculate body","volume":"26","author":"Wiesel TN","year":"1963","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1978.sp012421","article-title":"Ocular dominance in layer IV of the cat's visual cortex and the effects of monocular deprivation","volume":"281","author":"Shatz CJ","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(78)90005-7","article-title":"Monocular and binocular deprivation in the monkey: morphological effects and reversibility","volume":"158","author":"Vital\u2010Durand F","year":"1978","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901910102","article-title":"The development of ocular dominance columns in normal and visually deprived monkeys","volume":"191","author":"LeVay S","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3684","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.17-10-03684.1997","article-title":"Timing of the critical period for plasticity of ocular dominance columns in macaque striate cortex","volume":"17","author":"Horton JC","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1432","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.09-3931","article-title":"Decreased gray matter concentration in the lateral geniculate nuclei in human amblyopes","volume":"51","author":"Barnes GR","year":"2010","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1076\/stra.10.2.129.8140","article-title":"High resolution fMRI of ocular dominance columns within the visual cortex of human amblyopes","volume":"10","author":"Goodyear BG","year":"2002","journal-title":"Strabismus"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1965.28.6.1029","article-title":"Comparison of the effects of unilateral and bilateral eye closure on cortical unit responses in kittens","volume":"28","author":"Wiesel TN","year":"1965","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.20055","article-title":"Multiple sensitive periods in human visual development: evidence from visually deprived children","volume":"46","author":"Lewis TL","year":"2005","journal-title":"Dev Psychobiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1844","article-title":"Experience\u2010dependent binocular competition in the visual cortex begins at eye opening","volume":"10","author":"Smith SL","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_2","first-page":"135","article-title":"Monocular deprivation in humans: a study of identical twins","volume":"23","author":"Johnson CA","year":"1982","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_2","first-page":"3687","article-title":"Outcome after very early treatment of dense congenital unilateral cataract","volume":"34","author":"Birch EE","year":"1993","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-198001000-00001","article-title":"Are the dominant eyes of amblyopes normal?","volume":"57","author":"Kandel GL","year":"1980","journal-title":"Am J Optom Physiol Opt"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"The non\u2010amblyopic eye of a unilateral amblyope: a unique entity","volume":"74","author":"Woo GC","year":"1991","journal-title":"Clin Exp Optom"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(92)31857-3","article-title":"Vision in the \u201cgood\u201d eye of children treated for unilateral congenital cataract","volume":"99","author":"Lewis TL","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3011","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(96)00019-3","article-title":"Contrast letter thresholds in the non\u2010affected eye of strabismic and unilateral eye enucleated subjects","volume":"36","author":"Reed MJ","year":"1996","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2005.05.002","article-title":"Contrast sensitivity in amblyopia: the fellow eye of untreated and successfully treated amblyopes","volume":"9","author":"Chatzistefanou KI","year":"2005","journal-title":"J AAPOS"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1526","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.07-05-01526.1987","article-title":"Reduced visual acuity in both eyes of monocularly deprived kittens following a short or long period of reverse occlusion","volume":"7","author":"Murphy KM","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5332","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.07-0194","article-title":"Binocular summation of contrast remains intact in strabismic amblyopia","volume":"48","author":"Baker DH","year":"2007","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1978.sp012498","article-title":"The physiological effects of monocular deprivation and their reversal in the monkey's visual cortex","volume":"283","author":"Blakemore C","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00160771","article-title":"Binocular contrast summation and inhibition in amblyopia. The influence of the interocular difference on binocular contrast sensitivity","volume":"82","author":"Pardhan S","year":"1992","journal-title":"Doc Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2465","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-6989(97)00034-5","article-title":"A comparison of contrast letter thresholds in unilateral eye enucleated subjects and binocular and monocular control subjects","volume":"37","author":"Reed MJ","year":"1997","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(95)00119-K","article-title":"Contrast sensitivity in one\u2010eyed subjects","volume":"36","author":"Nicholas JJ","year":"1996","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-4328(01)00310-2","article-title":"Foveal and eccentric acuity in one\u2010eyed observers","volume":"128","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez EG","year":"2002","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-6989(01)00270-X","article-title":"Early unilateral enucleation disrupts motion processing","volume":"42","author":"Steeves JK","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1163\/156856808786451426","article-title":"Vision with one eye: a review of visual function following unilateral enucleation","volume":"21","author":"Steeves JK","year":"2008","journal-title":"Spat Vis"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901890407","article-title":"Normal and abnormal uncrossed retinotectal pathways in rats: an HRP study in adults","volume":"189","author":"Lund RD","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.90893.2008","article-title":"Ipsilateral eye cortical maps are uniquely sensitive to binocular plasticity","volume":"101","author":"Faguet J","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1017\/S0952523898152124","article-title":"Effect of early monocular enucleation upon ocular dominance columns and cytochrome oxidase activity in monkey and human visual cortex","volume":"15","author":"Horton JC","year":"1998","journal-title":"Vis Neurosci"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7302569","article-title":"Development of visual centers in the primate brain depends on binocular competition before birth","volume":"214","author":"Rakic P","year":"1981","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2619","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-5600","article-title":"Functional neuroimaging to characterize visual system development in children with retinoblastoma","volume":"52","author":"Barb SM","year":"2011","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2003.11.015","article-title":"Global shape discrimination at reduced contrast in enucleated observers","volume":"44","author":"Steeves JK","year":"2004","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1455","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(00)00800-9","article-title":"An fMRI study of the selective activation of human extrastriate form vision areas by radial and concentric gratings","volume":"10","author":"Wilkinson F","year":"2000","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-6989(98)00157-6","article-title":"A deficit in strabismic amblyopia for global shape detection","volume":"39","author":"Hess RF","year":"1999","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-6989(02)00041-X","article-title":"Sensitivity to global form in glass patterns after early visual deprivation in humans","volume":"42","author":"Lewis TL","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1037\/h0027474","article-title":"Looking at upside\u2010down faces","volume":"81","author":"Yin RK","year":"1969","journal-title":"J Exper Psychol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4302","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.17-11-04302.1997","article-title":"The fusiform face area: a module in human extrastriate cortex specialized for face perception","volume":"17","author":"Kanwisher N","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1162\/089892900562165","article-title":"The fusiform \u201cface area\u201d is part of a network that processes faces at the individual level","volume":"12","author":"Gauthier I","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Cogn Neurosci"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/S1364-6613(00)01482-0","article-title":"The distributed human neural system for face perception","volume":"4","author":"Haxby JV","year":"2000","journal-title":"Trends Cogn Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandc.2005.11.005","article-title":"What aspects of face processing are impaired in developmental prosopagnosia?","volume":"61","author":"Le Grand R","year":"2006","journal-title":"Brain Cogn"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-7687.00242","article-title":"The effect of early visual deprivation on the development of face processing","volume":"5","author":"Geldart S","year":"2002","journal-title":"Dev Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1068\/p3339","article-title":"Configural face processing develops more slowly than featural face processing","volume":"31","author":"Mondloch CJ","year":"2002","journal-title":"Perception"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1108","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1121","article-title":"Expert face processing requires visual input to the right hemisphere during infancy","volume":"6","author":"Le Grand R","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0956-7976.2004.00753.x","article-title":"Impairment in holistic face processing following early visual deprivation","volume":"15","author":"Le Grand R","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychol Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2005.06.013","article-title":"The fusiform face area is not sufficient for face recognition: evidence from a patient with dense prosopagnosia and no occipital face area","volume":"44","author":"Steeves JK","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1581","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2010.05.016","article-title":"Face recognition: are viewpoint and identity processed after face detection?","volume":"50","author":"Or CC","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1080\/13506280344000022","article-title":"Early maturity of face processing in children: local and relational distinctiveness effects in 7\u2010year\u2010olds","volume":"10","author":"Gilchrist A","year":"2003","journal-title":"Vis Cogn"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2006.07.001","article-title":"Holistic face processing is mature at 4 years of age: evidence from the composite face effect","volume":"96","author":"Heering A","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Exp Child Psychol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1068\/p3012","article-title":"The face\u2010inversion effect as a deficit in the encoding of configural information: direct evidence","volume":"29","author":"Freire A","year":"2000","journal-title":"Perception"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1080\/713755889","article-title":"When inverted faces are recognized: the role of configural information in face recognition","volume":"53","author":"Leder H","year":"2000","journal-title":"Q J Exp Psychol A"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1068\/p6153","article-title":"Discrimination of facial features by adults, 10\u2010year\u2010olds, and cataract\u2010reversal patients","volume":"39","author":"Mondloch CJ","year":"2010","journal-title":"Perception"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.3758\/PBR.16.5.778","article-title":"Why does picture\u2010plane inversion sometimes dissociate perception of features and spacing in faces, and sometimes not? Toward a new theory of holistic processing","volume":"16","author":"McKone E","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychon Bull Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/S1364-6613(02)01903-4","article-title":"The many faces of configural processing","volume":"6","author":"Maurer D","year":"2002","journal-title":"Trends Cogn Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1508","DOI":"10.1068\/p6117","article-title":"Featural, configural, and holistic face\u2010processing strategies evoke different scan patterns","volume":"38","author":"Bombari D","year":"2009","journal-title":"Perception"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1080\/14640749308401045","article-title":"Parts and wholes in face recognition","volume":"46","author":"Tanaka JW","year":"1993","journal-title":"Q J Exp Psychol A"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1068\/p160747","article-title":"Configural information in face perception","volume":"16","author":"Young AW","year":"1987","journal-title":"Perception"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.105.3.482","article-title":"What is \u201cspecial\u201d about face perception?","volume":"105","author":"Farah MJ","year":"1998","journal-title":"Psychol Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1477","DOI":"10.3758\/s13414-011-0109-7","article-title":"Priming global and local processing of composite faces: revisiting the processing\u2010bias effect on face perception","volume":"73","author":"Gao Z","year":"2011","journal-title":"Atten Percept Psychophys"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1068\/p5547","article-title":"Information processing during face recognition: the effects of familiarity, inversion, and morphing on scanning fixations","volume":"35","author":"Barton JJ","year":"2006","journal-title":"Perception"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1167\/8.8.2","article-title":"Scan patterns during the processing of facial expression versus identity: an exploration of task\u2010driven and stimulus\u2010driven effects","volume":"8","author":"Malcolm GL","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Vis"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_68_2","volume-title":"Detection Theory: A User's Guide","author":"Macmillan NA","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"pii: 41","DOI":"10.1167\/10.14.41","article-title":"The development of spatial frequency discrimination","volume":"10","author":"Patel A","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Vis"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2011.02.004","article-title":"Development of sensitivity to spacing versus feature changes in pictures of houses: evidence for slow development of a general spacing detection mechanism?","volume":"109","author":"Robbins RA","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Exp Child Psychol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.20473","article-title":"Deficits in sensitivity to spacing after early visual deprivation in humans: a comparison of human faces, monkey faces, and houses","volume":"52","author":"Robbins RA","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dev Psychobiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_8_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1995.sp020543","article-title":"Responsiveness of cat area 17 after monocular inactivation: limitation of topographic plasticity in adult cortex","volume":"482","author":"Rosa MG","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3908","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.9.3908","article-title":"Prenatal monocular enucleation induces a selective loss of low\u2010spatial\u2010frequency cortical responses to the remaining eye","volume":"92","author":"Bisti S","year":"1995","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3783","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-6989(00)00207-8","article-title":"Accuracy of estimating time to collision using only monocular information in unilaterally enucleated observers and monocularly viewing normal controls","volume":"40","author":"Steeves JK","year":"2000","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3215","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.15-04-03215.1995","article-title":"Functional analysis of human MT and related visual cortical areas using magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"15","author":"Tootell RB","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3816","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.18-10-03816.1998","article-title":"The processing of first\u2010 and second\u2010order motion in human visual cortex assessed by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)","volume":"18","author":"Smith AT","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1068\/p3065","article-title":"Does face recognition rely on encoding of 3\u2010D surface? Examining the role of shape\u2010from\u2010shading and shape\u2010from\u2010stereo","volume":"29","author":"Liu CH","year":"2000","journal-title":"Perception"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1080\/13506280500143391","article-title":"Transfer between two\u2010 and three\u2010dimensional representations of faces","volume":"13","author":"Liu CH","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vis Cogn"}],"container-title":["Optometry and Vision Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1097\/OPX.0b013e318240488e","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1097\/OPX.0b013e318240488e","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1097\/OPX.0b013e318240488e","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T06:29:35Z","timestamp":1774938575000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1097\/OPX.0b013e318240488e"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,2]]},"references-count":77,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1097\/OPX.0b013e318240488e"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/opx.0b013e318240488e","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1040-5488","1538-9235"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1040-5488","type":"print"},{"value":"1538-9235","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,2]]}}}