{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T23:45:37Z","timestamp":1775000737400,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,1]],"date-time":"2012-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1333238400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,1]],"date-time":"2012-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1333238400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012643","name":"Ohio Lions Eye Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012643","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["OVS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The aim of this study is to assess the effect of lens wear on the formation of soft contact lens\u2010associated\n                      <jats:italic>Fusarium<\/jats:italic>\n                      biofilms and to determine the efficacy of marketed contact lens care products against such biofilms.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Using an established in vitro soft contact lens\u2010\n                      <jats:italic>Fusarium<\/jats:italic>\n                      biofilm model, two clinical\n                      <jats:italic>Fusarium<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates (\n                      <jats:italic>F. solani<\/jats:italic>\n                      B6914 and\n                      <jats:italic>F. oxysporum<\/jats:italic>\n                      B8996) were incubated with three different types (lotrafilcon A, etafilcon A, and balafilcon A) of worn contact lenses under conditions that facilitate biofilm formation. Unworn lenses were used as internal controls for biofilm formation. Biofilm was quantified using a tetrazolium XTT (2,3\u2010bis[2\u2010methoxy\u20104\u2010nitro\u20105\u2010sulfophenyl]\u20102H\u2010tetrazolium\u20105\u2010carboxanilide) assay. In addition, susceptibilities of the fungal biofilm growth phases to the five most common multipurpose contact lens care solutions available at the time of study (three polymeric biguanide\u2010preserved and two polyquaternium\u2010preserved) and two hydrogen peroxide care solutions were assessed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Both\n                      <jats:italic>Fusarium<\/jats:italic>\n                      strains formed dense biofilms on each of the contact lens types tested. Worn lenses showed no differences in the ability of biofilm to form compared with unworn lenses except worn etafilcon A lenses which formed more biofilm with\n                      <jats:italic>F. oxyspourm<\/jats:italic>\n                      B8996 compared with unworn controls. Lens material did not influence biofilm formation. The biofilms of\n                      <jats:italic>F. solani<\/jats:italic>\n                      on all three lens types were consistently susceptible to both hydrogen peroxide care systems (growth reduction of 84 to 97%, p \u2264 0.001) and two of the five multipurpose solutions (MPSs) (growth reduction of 62 to 85% for a biguanide\u2010preserved MPS, p \u2264 0.05; growth reduction of 92 to 96% for a polyquaternium\u2010myristamidopropyl dimethylamine preserved MPS, p &lt; 0.001). The biofilms of\n                      <jats:italic>F. oxysporum<\/jats:italic>\n                      on all three lens types were consistently susceptible to both hydrogen peroxide care systems (growth reduction of 79 to 99%, p \u2264 0.001) and one of the five MPSs (growth reduction of 93 to 96% for a polyquaternium\u2010myristamidopropyl dimethylamine preserved MPS, p \u2264 0.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>F. solani<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>F. oxysporum<\/jats:italic>\n                      form biofilms on lotrafilcon A, etafilcon A, and balafilcon A worn contact lenses, which are resistant to the antifungal activity of several soft contact lens care products. Only the hydrogen peroxide care systems and one polyquaternium\u2010myristamidopropyl dimethylamine\u2010preserved solution consistently demonstrated effective antifungal activity against both\n                      <jats:italic>Fusarium<\/jats:italic>\n                      strains on all three lens types.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/opx.0b013e31824cb754","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,16]],"date-time":"2012-03-16T06:03:24Z","timestamp":1331877804000},"page":"382-391","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Efficacy of Care Solutions Against Contact Lens\u2010Associated\n                    <i>Fusarium<\/i>\n                    Biofilms"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Mauricio A.","family":"Retuerto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Medical Mycology Case Western Reserve University Cleveland Ohio"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Loretta","family":"Szczotka\u2010Flynn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Case Western Reserve University Cleveland Ohio"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Donghai","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Case Western Reserve University Cleveland Ohio"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pranab","family":"Mukherjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Medical Mycology Case Western Reserve University Cleveland Ohio"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mahmoud A.","family":"Ghannoum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Medical Mycology Case Western Reserve University Cleveland 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