{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T12:09:37Z","timestamp":1788869377592,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,1]],"date-time":"2012-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1335830400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,1]],"date-time":"2012-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1335830400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Eye Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R24\u2010EY014792"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R24\u2010EY014792"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000097","name":"National Center for Research Resources","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000097","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["OVS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the morphology of the ciliary muscle during the act of accommodation in a population of children.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirty children aged 6 to 12 years were enrolled. Accommodative response was measured through habitual correction. Height was measured as a control variable. Central axial length was measured with the IOLMaster. Four images of the temporal ciliary muscle were taken with the Visante Optical Coherence Tomographer at three different stimulus levels (0, 4, and 6 D) while accommodative response was monitored concurrently with the PowerRefractor. Accommodative response monitoring was time\u2010matched to ciliary muscle image capture, and the mean was calculated for 5 s surrounding this time point. Four cycloplegic images of the temporal ciliary muscle were also taken. Ciliary muscle thickness measurements were made at the point of maximum thickness (CMTMAX) and at 1 mm (CMT1), 2 mm (CMT2) and 3 mm (CMT3) posterior to the sclera spur.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Increasing accommodative response was correlated with increases in the thickness of CMTMAX (p = &lt;0.001) and CMT1 (p = &lt;0.001) and decreases in the thickness of CMT3 (p = &lt;0.001). Thicker values of CMTMAX under cycloplegic conditions were significantly correlated with values of CMTMAX (p = &lt;0.001) and CMT1 (p = 0.001) while accommodating and approached significance in modeling CMT3 (p = 0.06). Mean axial length was correlated with the amount of thinning at CMT3 with accommodation (p = 0.002). Axial length was not significantly correlated with thickness values at CMTMAX (p = 0.7) or CMT1 (p = 0.6).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In a manner similar to previous adult studies, ciliary muscle thickness at CMTMAX and CMT1 increased with accommodation and CMT3 thinned with accommodation. Further investigation is necessary to determine whether CMT2 is a \u201cfulcrum\u201d point along the length of the ciliary muscle where the net change with accommodation is always zero or whether that point varies across subjects or with varying levels of accommodative effort.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/opx.0b013e318253de7e","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,13]],"date-time":"2012-04-13T08:39:49Z","timestamp":1334306389000},"page":"727-737","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Changes in Ciliary Muscle Thickness During Accommodation in Children"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Helen Annie","family":"Lewis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Optometry"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiu\u2010Yen","family":"Kao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Mathematics and Physical Sciences Department of Mathematics and Mathematical Biosciences Institute The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio"},{"name":"Claremont McKenna College Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Claremont California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Loraine T.","family":"Sinnott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Optometry"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa D.","family":"Bailey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Optometry"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_2","first-page":"133","article-title":"Scanning electron microscopic studies of the zonular apparatus in human and monkey eyes","volume":"18","author":"Rohen JW","year":"1979","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4835(88)90070-X","article-title":"Age changes in rhesus monkey ciliary muscle: light and electron microscopy","volume":"47","author":"Lutjen\u2010Drecoll E","year":"1988","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6882","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-5787","article-title":"In vivo analysis of ciliary muscle morphologic changes with accommodation and axial ametropia","volume":"51","author":"Sheppard AL","year":"2010","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_2","first-page":"1162","article-title":"Age\u2010related changes in human ciliary muscle and lens: a magnetic resonance imaging study","volume":"40","author":"Strenk SA","year":"1999","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1792","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2006.05.031","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging of aging, accommodating, phakic, and pseudophakic ciliary muscle diameters","volume":"32","author":"Strenk SA","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/0047-6374(92)90057-K","article-title":"Age\u2010related changes of the human ciliary muscle. 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