{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T22:43:25Z","timestamp":1792709005777,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,1]],"date-time":"2012-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1338508800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,1]],"date-time":"2012-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1338508800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["OVS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate porcine lenses in a lens stretcher with regard to presbyopia corrective procedures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A lens stretching device was designed, which allows to simultaneously determine all relevant geometrical and optical parameters at each stretch position. The setup was used to compare the optical and geometrical lens properties of young slaughter pigs (n = 5) with older sows (n = 7).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The change of optical power with stretching is about five times larger for young porcine lenses than for sows. For young pigs, the gradient index profile of the crystalline lens significantly contributes to the induced accommodation amplitude.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We have shown that sow lenses are a suitable model for in vitro experiments on possible treatments for presbyopia. The rapid decrease in the induced accommodation amplitude with age may be explained by a reduced change of all geometrical lens parameters, which in turn leads to a smaller contribution of the gradient index profile to accommodation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/opx.0b013e318255da87","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,4]],"date-time":"2012-05-04T04:54:19Z","timestamp":1336107259000},"page":"908-915","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Pig Lenses in a Lens Stretcher"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Robert","family":"Kammel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Applied Physics Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich\u2010Schiller\u2010Universit\u00e4t Jena Jena Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roland","family":"Ackermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Applied Physics Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich\u2010Schiller\u2010Universit\u00e4t Jena Jena Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Torsten","family":"Mai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Applied Physics Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich\u2010Schiller\u2010Universit\u00e4t Jena Jena Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Damm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering Jena Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Nolte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Applied Physics Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich\u2010Schiller\u2010Universit\u00e4t Jena Jena Germany"},{"name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering Jena Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_2","volume-title":"Handbuch der Physiologischen Optik von H. von Helmholtz","author":"Helmholtz H","year":"1896"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_2","first-page":"5","article-title":"The mechanism of accommodation","volume":"8","author":"Fincham EF","year":"1937","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1444-0938.2008.00260.x","article-title":"Restoration of accommodation: surgical options for correction of presbyopia","volume":"91","author":"Glasser A","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Exp Optom"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1444-0938.2010.00532.x","article-title":"Accommodating intraocular lenses: a review of design concepts, usage and assessment methods","volume":"93","author":"Sheppard AL","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Exp Optom"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2008.10.054","article-title":"Lens refilling to restore accommodation","volume":"35","author":"Nishi Y","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1002\/jbio.201000013","article-title":"Femtosecond lentotomy: generating gliding planes inside the crystalline lens to regain accommodation ability","volume":"3","author":"Lubatschowski H","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Biophotonics"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_2","first-page":"1014","article-title":"[Presbyopia treatment using a femtosecond laser]","volume":"103","author":"Blum M","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ophthalmologe"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2010.06.003","article-title":"Mouse lens stiffness measurements","volume":"91","author":"Baradia H","year":"2010","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2011.08.009","article-title":"A comparative study on the viscoelastic properties of human and animal lenses","volume":"93","author":"Sharma PK","year":"2011","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1971.sp009315","article-title":"The elastic constants of the human lens","volume":"212","author":"Fisher RF","year":"1971","journal-title":"J Physiol (Lond)"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1853","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2009.04.028","article-title":"Femtosecond laser induced flexibility change of human donor lenses","volume":"49","author":"Schumacher S","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1977.sp011938","article-title":"The force of contraction of the human ciliary muscle during accommodation","volume":"270","author":"Fisher RF","year":"1977","journal-title":"J Physiol (Lond)"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1006\/exer.1993.1168","article-title":"In vitro alteration of human lens curvatures by radial stretching","volume":"57","author":"Pierscionek BK","year":"1993","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-4835(05)80114-9","article-title":"Age\u2010related response of human lenses to stretching forces","volume":"60","author":"Pierscionek BK","year":"1995","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-6989(97)00102-8","article-title":"Presbyopia and the optical changes in the human crystalline lens with age","volume":"38","author":"Glasser A","year":"1998","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3260","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.06-1376","article-title":"Optomechanical response of human and monkey lenses in a lens stretcher","volume":"48","author":"Manns F","year":"2007","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1444-0938.2008.00247.x","article-title":"Biomechanical analysis of the accommodative apparatus in primates","volume":"91","author":"Ehrmann K","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Exp Optom"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2007.10.005","article-title":"Dynamic multi\u2010arm radial lens stretcher: a robotic analog of the ciliary body","volume":"86","author":"Reilly MA","year":"2008","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2008.10.021","article-title":"Comparison of the behavior of natural and refilled porcine lenses in a robotic lens stretcher","volume":"88","author":"Reilly MA","year":"2009","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-198912000-00004","article-title":"Refractive index gradient of human lenses","volume":"66","author":"Pierscionek BK","year":"1989","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.eye.6701525","article-title":"Refractive index distribution in the porcine eye lens for 532 nm and 633 nm light","volume":"19","author":"Pierscionek BK","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1759","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(89)90158-2","article-title":"Growth and ageing effects on the refractive index in the equatorial plane of the bovine lens","volume":"29","author":"Pierscionek BK","year":"1989","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-6989(88)80006-3","article-title":"Refractive index within the lens of a goldfish eye determined from the paths of thin laser beams","volume":"28","author":"Axelrod D","year":"1988","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(90)90098-6","article-title":"The refractive structure and optical properties of the isolated crystalline lens of the cat","volume":"30","author":"Jagger WS","year":"1990","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2004.12.007","article-title":"Age\u2010related nuclear cataract\u2010oxidation is the key","volume":"80","author":"Truscott RJ","year":"2005","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1475-1313.2001.00593.x","article-title":"Optical and biometric relationships of the isolated pig crystalline lens","volume":"21","author":"Vilupuru AS","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ophthal Physiol Opt"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1444-0938.2003.tb03053.x","article-title":"The optical properties of the crystalline lens and their significance","volume":"86","author":"Smith G","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Exp Optom"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_29_2","first-page":"1245","article-title":"Patterns of crystallin distribution in porcine eye lenses","volume":"14","author":"Keenan J","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol Vis"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2006-271","article-title":"Modeling the growth of the Goettingen minipig","volume":"85","author":"K\u00f6hn F","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Anim Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_31_2","unstructured":"PaulkeT.Leistungspr\u00fcfbericht Schwein 2010. Landesamt f\u00fcr L\u00e4ndliche Entwicklung Landwirtschaft und Flurneuordnung. Available at:http:\/\/lelf.brandenburg.de\/sixcms\/media.php\/4055\/Leistungsprfg_schwein_2010.pdf. Accessed October 13 2011."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.4141\/cjas91-067","article-title":"Interrelationships among age, body\u2010weight, backfat and lactation feed\u2010intake with reproductive\u2010performance and longevity of sows","volume":"71","author":"Young LG","year":"1991","journal-title":"Can J Anim Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2004.07.032","article-title":"Change in shape of the aging human crystalline lens with accommodation","volume":"45","author":"Dubbelman M","year":"2005","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_34_2","first-page":"516","article-title":"Der Photoperspektograph und seine Anwendung","volume":"43","author":"Scheimpflug T","year":"1906","journal-title":"Photogr Korresp"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1867","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-6989(01)00057-8","article-title":"The shape of the aging human lens: curvature, equivalent refractive index and the lens paradox","volume":"41","author":"Dubbelman M","year":"2001","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-1313.1988.tb01040.x","article-title":"Schematic eyes for domestic animals","volume":"8","author":"Coile DC","year":"1988","journal-title":"Ophthal Physiol Opt"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.1986.4767851","article-title":"A computational approach to edge detection","volume":"8","author":"Canny J","year":"1986","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2442","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2009.07.014","article-title":"Mathematical models for describing the shape of the in vitro unstretched human crystalline lens","volume":"49","author":"Smith G","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-322-91926-7","volume-title":"Elementare Einf\u00fchrung in die Angewandte Statistik","author":"Bosch K","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_40_2","first-page":"240","volume-title":"Ophthalmic Technologies XV: Proceedings of the Society of Photo\u2010Optical Instrumentation Engineers: SPIE","author":"Ehrmann K","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1667","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2011.05.009","article-title":"Age\u2010dependence of the optomechanical responses of ex vivo human lenses from India and the USA, and the force required to produce these in a lens stretcher: the similarity to in vivo disaccommodation","volume":"51","author":"Augusteyn RC","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2006.10.007","article-title":"Mapping age\u2010related elasticity changes in porcine lenses using bubble\u2010based acoustic radiation force","volume":"84","author":"Erpelding TN","year":"2007","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_43_2","volume-title":"The Vertebrate Eye and Its Adaptive Radiation","author":"Walls GL","year":"1942"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_44_2","volume-title":"Handbook of Sensory Physiology, Vol. 7, Part 5","author":"Hughes A","year":"1977"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_45_2","first-page":"226","volume-title":"Handbuch der Physiologischen Optik von H von Helmholtz","author":"Gullstrand A","year":"1909"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0b013e31818e8d57","article-title":"Equivalent refractive index of the human lens upon accommodative response","volume":"85","author":"Hermans EA","year":"2008","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"}],"container-title":["Optometry and Vision Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1097\/OPX.0b013e318255da87","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1097\/OPX.0b013e318255da87","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1097\/OPX.0b013e318255da87","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T06:53:20Z","timestamp":1774940000000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1097\/OPX.0b013e318255da87"}},"subtitle":["Implications for Presbyopia Treatment"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1097\/OPX.0b013e318255da87"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/opx.0b013e318255da87","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1040-5488","1538-9235"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1040-5488","type":"print"},{"value":"1538-9235","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]}}}