{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T14:35:35Z","timestamp":1787495735260,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,1]],"date-time":"2012-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1338508800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,1]],"date-time":"2012-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1338508800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004423","name":"World Health Organization","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004423","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N01\u2010EY\u20102103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N01\u2010EY\u20102103"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["OVS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess the impact of severity of parental myopia on myopia in Chinese children.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Children aged 12 to 15 years were identified from a population\u2010based sample in Guangzhou. Children's myopia was defined as a spherical equivalent refraction of \u22640.5 D based on cycloplegic (1% cyclopentolate) autorefraction. Using a questionnaire reported by the parents, the parental myopia was confirmed and the severity of myopia on the right eyes was classified into mild (&lt;3.0 D myopia), moderate (3.0 to 6.0 D myopia), and high (&gt;6.0 D myopia) myopia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Information was available for 1567 children aged 12 to 15 years. Analysis was restricted to children with no myopia in one parent and no, mild, moderate, or high myopia in the other. The prevalence of myopia in children was 53.5, 65.1, 76.3, and 80.6% when the severity of myopia in the second parent was no, mild, moderate, and high, and the prevalence of high myopia (spherical equivalent &gt;6.0 D myopia) in children was 1.4, 2.9, 8.5, and 16.1% in the corresponding groups of parental myopia severity. Of the children with high myopia, 45.3% had parents with no reported myopia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>More severe myopia in one parent results in an increased risk of myopia in the children. However, most highly myopic children did not have a highly myopic parent and also half did not have any reported parental myopia. This suggests that while genetic factors contribute to the development of more severe myopia, environmental factors also contribute to high myopia in children in Guangzhou.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/opx.0b013e318255dc33","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,4]],"date-time":"2012-05-04T04:54:19Z","timestamp":1336107259000},"page":"884-891","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["The Impact of Severity of Parental Myopia on Myopia in Chinese Children"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Fan","family":"Xiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center Sun Yat Sen University Guangzhou Guangdong PR China"},{"name":"Research School of Biology College of Medicine, Biology and the Environment Australian National University Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingguang","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center Sun Yat Sen University Guangzhou Guangdong PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian G.","family":"Morgan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research School of Biology College of Medicine, Biology and the Environment Australian National University Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_2","first-page":"359","article-title":"VISION 2020\u2014the right to sight: from strategies to action","volume":"128","author":"Pararajasegaram R","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.122.4.615","article-title":"VISION 2020: The Right to Sight: a global initiative to eliminate avoidable blindness","volume":"122","author":"Pizzarello L","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_2","first-page":"844","article-title":"Global data on visual impairment in the year 2002","volume":"82","author":"Resnikoff S","year":"2004","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1076\/opep.11.2.67.28158","article-title":"2002 global update of available data on visual impairment: a compilation of population\u2010based prevalence studies","volume":"11","author":"Pascolini D","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Epidemiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(02)01883-4","article-title":"Pathologic myopia: where are we now?","volume":"134","author":"Tano Y","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1442-9071.2001.00389.x","article-title":"The increasing prevalence of myopia: implications for Australia","volume":"29","author":"Rose K","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Experiment Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2004.06.004","article-title":"How genetic is school myopia?","volume":"24","author":"Morgan I","year":"2005","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1632","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2009.303","article-title":"Increased prevalence of myopia in the United States between 1971\u20131972 and 1999\u20132004","volume":"127","author":"Vitale S","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2637","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.08-3090","article-title":"Lens thickness changes among schoolchildren in Taiwan","volume":"50","author":"Shih YF","year":"2009","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-200104000-00012","article-title":"Does education explain ethnic differences in myopia prevalence? 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