{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T10:53:17Z","timestamp":1774954397316,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,1]],"date-time":"2012-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1341100800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,1]],"date-time":"2012-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1341100800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["OVS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess and compare the effects of contact\u2010lens based artificial pupil design and monovision correction on visual performance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In a cross\u2010over study design, 22 presbyopic patients (age range 50 to 64 years) were evaluated using artificial pupil contact lens on the non\u2010dominant eye and monovision. After 1 month, binocular distance visual acuity (BDVA), binocular near visual acuity (BNVA), defocus curve, binocular distance contrast sensitivity, binocular near contrast sensitivity, and stereoacuity were measured, under photopic conditions (85 cd\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ), in each patient after contact lens fitting. Moreover, BDVA and binocular distance contrast sensitivity were examined under mesopic conditions (5 cd\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Average artificial pupil contact lens and monovision BDVA were 0.02 \u00b1 0.04 and 0.00 \u00b1 0.09 logMAR for photopic conditions, and 0.16 \u00b1 0.06 and 0.13 \u00b1 0.12 logMAR for binocular near visual acuity under mesopic conditions, respectively. No statistically significant differences were found between the two types of lenses at distance for both lighting levels (p &gt; 0.05), but there were, however, significant differences at intermediate distances and near vision (p &lt; 0.05). Binocular distance contrast sensitivity revealed statistically significant differences between artificial pupil contact lens and monovision for 1.5 cycles per degree (cpd) under photopic conditions, and 12 and 18 cpd under mesopic conditions (p &lt; 0.05), respectively. Statistically significant differences for all spatial frequencies except for 1.5 cpd were found at near vision (p &lt; 0.05). The mean values of stereoacuity obtained for artificial pupil contact lens (221 \u00b1 32 sec arc) were slightly worse than for monovision correction (210 \u00b1 49 sec arc), and statistically significant differences were not found (p = 0.23).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Monovision performed better than an artificial pupil contact lens of the same material for near visual acuity and near contrast sensitivity. Only, the artificial pupil contact lens provides better intermediate visual acuity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/opx.0b013e31825da324","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,22]],"date-time":"2012-06-22T12:55:47Z","timestamp":1340369747000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Visual Comparison of an Artificial Pupil Contact Lens to Monovision"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Santiago","family":"Garc\u00eda\u2010L\u00e1zaro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Optometry Research Group (GIO), Optics Department University of Valencia Valencia Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Ferrer\u2010Blasco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Optometry Research Group (GIO), Optics Department University of Valencia Valencia 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