{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T22:41:01Z","timestamp":1792622461165,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,1]],"date-time":"2012-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1343779200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,1]],"date-time":"2012-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1343779200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["OVS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate factors that may affect mesopic pupil size in refractive surgery candidates.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Medical records of 13,959 eyes of 13,959 refractive surgery candidates were reviewed, and one eye per subject was selected randomly for statistical analysis. Detailed ophthalmological examination data were obtained from medical records. Preoperative measurements included uncorrected distance visual acuity, corrected distance visual acuity, manifest and cycloplegic refraction, topography, slit lamp examination, and funduscopy. Mesopic pupil size measurements were performed with Colvard pupillometer. Relationship between mesopic pupil size and age, gender, refractive state, average keratometry, and pachymetry (thinnest point) were analyzed by means of ANOVA (+ANCOVA) and multivariate regression analyses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Overall mesopic pupil size was 6.45 \u00b1 0.82 mm, and mean age was 36.07 years. Mesopic pupil size was 5.96 \u00b1 0.8 mm in hyperopic astigmatism, 6.36 \u00b1 0.83 mm in high astigmatism, and 6.51 \u00b1 0.8 mm in myopic astigmatism. The difference in mesopic pupil size between all refractive subgroups was statistically significant (p &lt; 0.001). Age revealed the strongest correlation (r = \u22120.405, p &lt; 0.001) with mesopic pupil size. Spherical equivalent showed a moderate correlation (r = \u22120.136), whereas keratometry (r = \u22120.064) and pachymetry (r = \u22120.057) had a weak correlation with mesopic pupil size. No statistically significant difference in mesopic pupil size was noted regarding gender and ocular side. The sum of all analyzed factors (age, refractive state, keratometry, and pachymetry) can only predict the expected pupil size in &lt;20% (R\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      = 0.179, p &lt; 0.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our analysis confirmed that age and refractive state are determinative factors on mesopic pupil size. Average keratometry and minimal pachymetry exhibited a statistically significant, but clinically insignificant, impact on mesopic pupil size.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/opx.0b013e318263c165","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,6]],"date-time":"2012-07-06T05:15:58Z","timestamp":1341551758000},"page":"1156-1164","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Mesopic Pupil Size in a Refractive Surgery Population (13,959 Eyes)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Stephan J.","family":"Linke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology University Medical Centre Hamburg\u2010Eppendorf Martinis Hamburg Germany"},{"name":"Care\u2010Vision Germany Frankfurt Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julio","family":"Baviera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"M.\/Clinica Baviera Valencia Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gur","family":"Munzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Care\u2010Vision Germany Frankfurt Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Otto H.","family":"Fricke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology University Medical Centre Hamburg\u2010Eppendorf Martinis Hamburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gisbert","family":"Richard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology University Medical Centre Hamburg\u2010Eppendorf Martinis Hamburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toam","family":"Katz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology University Medical Centre Hamburg\u2010Eppendorf Martinis Hamburg Germany"},{"name":"Care\u2010Vision Germany Frankfurt Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(81)90097-3","article-title":"Pupillary light reflex in humans: evidence for an unbalanced pathway from nasal retina, and for signal cancellation in brainstem","volume":"21","author":"Wyatt HJ","year":"1981","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2330-9474.1949.tb01600.x","article-title":"The pupillary near reflex; the relation of pupillary diameter to accommodation and the various components of convergence","volume":"26","author":"Marg E","year":"1949","journal-title":"Am J Optom Arch Am Acad Optom"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1520","DOI":"10.1038\/1821520a0","article-title":"Dependence on age of the diameter of the pupil in the dark","volume":"182","author":"Kadlecova V","year":"1958","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1606","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(03)00494-9","article-title":"Pupil size and quality of vision after LASIK","volume":"110","author":"Schallhorn SC","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1016\/S0886-3350(01)00871-9","article-title":"Effect of preoperative pupil measurements on glare, halos, and visual function after photoastigmatic refractive keratectomy","volume":"27","author":"Haw WW","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1097\/01.icu.0000233958.96133.02","article-title":"Pupil size and corneal laser surgery","volume":"17","author":"Salz JJ","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr Opin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2010.07.030","article-title":"Effect of preoperative pupil size on quality of vision after wavefront\u2010guided LASIK","volume":"118","author":"Chan A","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6257(02)00350-8","article-title":"Night vision disturbances after corneal refractive surgery","volume":"47","author":"Fan\u2010Paul NI","year":"2002","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1016\/S0886-3350(02)01844-8","article-title":"Quality of vision after laser in situ keratomileusis: influence of dioptric correction and pupil size on visual function","volume":"29","author":"Lee YC","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(03)00455-X","article-title":"Patient satisfaction and visual symptoms after laser in situ keratomileusis","volume":"110","author":"Bailey MD","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.3109\/02713680903447892","article-title":"Refractive error may influence mesopic pupil size","volume":"35","author":"Cakmak HB","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr Eye Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","first-page":"122","article-title":"Excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy with different ablation zones","volume":"36","author":"Hassan Z","year":"1997","journal-title":"Acta Chir Hung"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","first-page":"2275","article-title":"Optical zone diameters for photorefractive corneal surgery","volume":"34","author":"Roberts CW","year":"1993","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.119.8.1159","article-title":"Effect of larger ablation zone and transition zone on corneal optical aberrations after photorefractive keratectomy","volume":"119","author":"Endl MJ","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2005.10.023","article-title":"Influence of pupil and optical zone diameter on higher\u2010order aberrations after wavefront\u2010guided myopic LASIK","volume":"31","author":"B\u00fchren J","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1016\/S0886-3350(98)80057-6","article-title":"Iatrogenic keratectasia after LASIK in a case of forme fruste keratoconus","volume":"24","author":"Seiler T","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1433","DOI":"10.1016\/S0886-3350(01)01350-5","article-title":"Use of a digital infrared pupillometer to assess patient suitability for refractive surgery","volume":"28","author":"Rosen ES","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/S0886-3350(02)01898-9","article-title":"Comparison of a digital and a handheld infrared pupillometer for determining scotopic pupil diameter","volume":"29","author":"Kohnen T","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1594","DOI":"10.1016\/S0886-3350(98)80348-9","article-title":"Preoperative measurement of scotopic pupil dilation using an office pupillometer","volume":"24","author":"Colvard M","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0420.2006.00823.x","article-title":"Comparison of two pupillometers in determining pupil size for refractive surgery","volume":"85","author":"Bootsma S","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol Scand"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2005.06.020","article-title":"Determining scotopic pupil size","volume":"31","author":"Khanani AM","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2004.05.009","article-title":"Correlation of infrared pupillometers and CCD\u2010camera imaging from aberrometry and videokeratography for determining scotopic pupil size","volume":"30","author":"Kohnen T","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","first-page":"300","article-title":"[Basic data for clinical pupillography. II. The age\u2010dependence of the pupil diameter in darkness]","volume":"184","author":"Borgmann H","year":"1972","journal-title":"Albrecht Von Graefes Arch Klin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-003-0669-x","article-title":"Comparison of three different technologies for pupil diameter measurement","volume":"241","author":"Schmitz S","year":"2003","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2005.04.041","article-title":"Comparison of Colvard pupillometer and infrared digital photography for measurement of the dark\u2010adapted pupil diameter","volume":"31","author":"Bradley JC","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.3928\/1081597X-20100121-09","article-title":"Comparison of the Colvard, Procyon, and Neuroptics pupillometers for measuring pupil diameter under low ambient illumination","volume":"26","author":"Schallenberg M","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Refract Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.3928\/1081-597X-20040501-09","article-title":"Comparison of the Colvard pupillometer and the Zywave for measuring scotopic pupil diameter","volume":"20","author":"Cheng AC","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Refract Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(71)90410-7","article-title":"Iris mechanics. I. Influence of pupil size on dynamics of pupillary movements","volume":"71","author":"Loewenfeld IE","year":"1971","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2099","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2009.07.013","article-title":"Repeated pupil size measurements in refractive surgery candidates","volume":"35","author":"Robl C","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"}],"container-title":["Optometry and Vision Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1097\/OPX.0b013e318263c165","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1097\/OPX.0b013e318263c165","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1097\/OPX.0b013e318263c165","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T09:56:04Z","timestamp":1774950964000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1097\/OPX.0b013e318263c165"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,8]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1097\/OPX.0b013e318263c165"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/opx.0b013e318263c165","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1040-5488","1538-9235"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1040-5488","type":"print"},{"value":"1538-9235","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,8]]}}}