{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T10:52:18Z","timestamp":1774954338316,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,1]],"date-time":"2012-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1343779200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,1]],"date-time":"2012-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1343779200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["OVS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Read Without Glasses Method is a home\u2010based vision training program designed to \u201cavoid, eliminate, or reduce the need for bifocals\u201d in presbyopic patients with 6 minutes of daily vision exercises. The purpose of this study was to objectively measure changes in accommodation and near unaided visual acuity (VA) in emmetropic presbyopes using this program.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eight emmetropic presbyopes between 50 and 65 years of age participated in 2 pretreatment and 2 post\u2010treatment visits. Primary outcome measures included near unaided VA (MNREAD acuity chart) and accommodative accuracy at near (Grand Seiko). Pupil size was measured at each visit during accommodative measures to assess the possibility that pupil size may have had an impact on near VA. Subjects were also queried about compliance and use of reading glasses after treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Repeated measures analysis of variance showed no significant change in unaided near VA pre\u2010 or post\u2010treatment (p = 0.956). A statistically significant change in accommodation (0.176 D) was found at visit 3 (p = 0.0098) that did not persist at visit 4; however, this change was not clinically significant. Pupil size did not show significant change across all study visits. Survey results indicated that 87.5% of subjects reported that their near vision was slightly to significantly improved after the use of the program.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Read Without Glasses Method does not produce clinically or statistically significant changes in unaided near VA and fails to show clinically significant changes in accommodation at near in presbyopic emmetropes despite favorable subjective responses of participants.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/opx.0b013e3182640c6a","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,20]],"date-time":"2012-07-20T15:13:56Z","timestamp":1342797236000},"page":"1203-1210","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Objective Measures of the Effects of the \u201cRead Without Glasses Method\u201d"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Kristine B.","family":"Hopkins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Optometry Birmingham Alabama"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Caroline B.","family":"Pate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Optometry Birmingham Alabama"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Gerald","family":"McGwin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Alabama at Birmingham Department of Epidemiology Birmingham Alabama"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-7506-7524-6.50009-0","volume-title":"Borish's Clinical Refraction","author":"Ciuffreda KJ","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-196501000-00002","article-title":"A longitudinal study of amplitude changes in presbyopia","volume":"42","author":"Hofstetter HW","year":"1965","journal-title":"Am J Optom Arch Am Acad Optom"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2919","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.07-1492","article-title":"Minus\u2010lens\u2010stimulated accommodative amplitude decreases sigmoidally with age: a study of objectively measured accommodative amplitudes from age 3","volume":"49","author":"Anderson HA","year":"2008","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1643","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-6989(97)00336-2","article-title":"Static aspects of accommodation: age and presbyopia","volume":"38","author":"Mordi JA","year":"1998","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2004.11.001","article-title":"The mechanism of presbyopia","volume":"24","author":"Strenk SA","year":"2005","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1969.sp008740","article-title":"The significance of the shape of the lens and capsular energy changes in accommodation","volume":"201","author":"Fisher RF","year":"1969","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(91)90061-9","article-title":"Elasticity of tissues involved in accommodation","volume":"31","author":"Alphen GW","year":"1991","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/0047-6374(92)90057-K","article-title":"Age\u2010related changes of the human ciliary muscle. 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