{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T21:18:15Z","timestamp":1774991895833,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,1]],"date-time":"2012-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1346457600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,1]],"date-time":"2012-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1346457600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["OVS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study compared three different methods of determining a reading addition and the possible improvement on reading performance in children and young adults with low vision.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty\u2010eight participants with low vision, aged 8 to 32 years, took part in the study. Reading additions were determined with (a) a modified Nott dynamic retinoscopy, (b) a subjective method, and (c) an age\u2010based formula. Reading performance was assessed with MNREAD\u2010style reading charts at 12.5 cm, with and without each reading addition in random order. Outcome measures were reading speed, critical print size, MNREAD threshold, and the area under the reading speed curve.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>For the whole group, there was no significant improvement in reading performance with any of the additions. When participants with normal accommodation at 12.5 cm were excluded, the area under the reading speed curve was significantly greater with all reading additions compared with no addition (p = 0.031, 0.028, and 0.028, respectively). Also, the reading acuity threshold was significantly better with all reading additions compared with no addition (p = 0.014, 0.030, and 0.036, respectively). Distance and near visual acuity, age, and contrast sensitivity did not predict improvement with a reading addition. All, but one, of the participants who showed a significant improvement in reading with an addition had reduced accommodation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A reading addition may improve reading performance for young people with low vision and should be considered as part of a low vision assessment, particularly when accommodation is reduced.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/opx.0b013e318264cb1a","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,28]],"date-time":"2012-07-28T07:59:11Z","timestamp":1343462351000},"page":"1327-1335","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Do Reading Additions Improve Reading in Pre\u2010presbyopes with Low Vision?"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Balsam","family":"Alabdulkader","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Optometry University of Waterloo Waterloo Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Leat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Optometry University of Waterloo Waterloo Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","first-page":"2566","article-title":"Demographic characteristics of the vision\u2010disabled elderly","volume":"38","author":"Elliott DB","year":"1997","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.126.5.608","article-title":"Outcomes of the Veterans Affairs Low Vision Intervention Trial (LOVIT)","volume":"126","author":"Stelmack JA","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-1313.2004.00215.x","article-title":"Predicting prescribed magnification","volume":"24","author":"Wolffsohn JS","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol Opt"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","volume-title":"Low Vision: Principles and Practice","author":"Dickinson C","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(94)00181-K","article-title":"Accommodation in humans with juvenile macular degeneration","volume":"35","author":"White JM","year":"1995","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","first-page":"194","article-title":"Static accommodation in congenital nystagmus","volume":"34","author":"Ong E","year":"1993","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-1313.1982.tb00178.x","article-title":"Measurement of accommodative amplitude in amblyopia","volume":"2","author":"Hokoda SC","year":"1982","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol Opt"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3888","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.06-0582","article-title":"Accommodative response in pre\u2010presbyopes with visual impairment and its clinical implications","volume":"48","author":"Leat SJ","year":"2007","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-195610000-00001","article-title":"The influence of visual acuity on accommodative responses of the eye","volume":"33","author":"Heath GG","year":"1956","journal-title":"Am J Optom Arch Am Acad Optom"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","first-page":"10","article-title":"Use and non\u2010use of low vision aids by visually impaired children","volume":"11","author":"Leat SJ","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol Opt"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","volume-title":"Assessing Children's Vision: a Handbook","author":"Leat SJ","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","first-page":"6","article-title":"Management of pediatric low\u2010vision patients","volume":"14","author":"Leat S","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pract Optom"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1444-0938.1999.tb06651.x","article-title":"Prescribing near magnification for low vision patients","volume":"82","author":"Lovie\u2010Kitchin JE","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Exp Optom"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","article-title":"The impact of near additions on reading performance in pre\u2010presbyopes with low vision","volume":"87","author":"Leat SJ","year":"2010","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","first-page":"422","article-title":"Clinical grading and the effects of scaling","volume":"32","author":"Bailey IL","year":"1991","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","first-page":"471","article-title":"Improving the reliability of the Pelli\u2010Robson contrast sensitivity test","volume":"6","author":"Elliott DB","year":"1991","journal-title":"Clin Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-1313.1989.tb00831.x","article-title":"Presbyopia correction and the accommodation in reserve","volume":"9","author":"Millodot M","year":"1989","journal-title":"Ophthal Physiol Opt"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-194409000-00001","article-title":"A comparison of Duane's and Donder's table of the amplitude of accommodation","volume":"21","author":"Hofstetter HW","year":"1944","journal-title":"Am J Optom Physiol Optic"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1475-1313.1996.95001395.x","article-title":"Accommodative response in children and young adults using dynamic retinoscopy","volume":"16","author":"Leat SJ","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol Opt"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1475-1313.2003.00113.x","article-title":"The repeatability and validity of dynamic retinoscopy in assessing the accommodative response","volume":"23","author":"McClelland JF","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol Opt"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","first-page":"2382","article-title":"Reduced accommodation in children with Down syndrome","volume":"34","author":"Woodhouse JM","year":"1993","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","volume-title":"Psychophysics of Reading in Normal and Low Vision","author":"Legge GE","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1444-0938.2001.tb04958.x","article-title":"Reading performance in children with low vision","volume":"84","author":"Lovie\u2010Kitchin JE","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Exp Optom"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-199301000-00010","article-title":"Visual requirements for reading","volume":"70","author":"Whittaker SG","year":"1993","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1177\/0145482X9609000313","article-title":"Reading competence of visually impaired pupils in Sweden","volume":"90","author":"Fellenius K","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Visual Impair Blind"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1177\/0145482X8908300608","article-title":"Selecting the most appropriate primary learning medium for students with functional vision","volume":"83","author":"Mangold S","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Visual Impair Blind"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2005.11.003","article-title":"Depth\u2010of\u2010focus of the human eye: theory and clinical implications","volume":"51","author":"Wang B","year":"2006","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAA.4.000851","article-title":"Tolerance to visual defocus","volume":"4","author":"Legge GE","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Opt Soc Am (A)"}],"container-title":["Optometry and Vision Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1097\/OPX.0b013e318264cb1a","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1097\/OPX.0b013e318264cb1a","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1097\/OPX.0b013e318264cb1a","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T09:31:02Z","timestamp":1774949462000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1097\/OPX.0b013e318264cb1a"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,9]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1097\/OPX.0b013e318264cb1a"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/opx.0b013e318264cb1a","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1040-5488","1538-9235"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1040-5488","type":"print"},{"value":"1538-9235","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,9]]}}}