{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T19:16:00Z","timestamp":1791227760041,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,1]],"date-time":"2012-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1349049600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,1]],"date-time":"2012-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1349049600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NEI K23EY019097 (KR)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NEI K23EY019097 (KR)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DMS\u20101216742 (C\u2010YK)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DMS\u20101216742 (C\u2010YK)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["OVS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To objectively measure changes in the human ciliary muscle dimensions in vivo after instillation of topical phenylephrine, a mydriatic and vasodilating agent.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross\u2010sectional study of 25 healthy young adults was conducted. Measurements of pupil size, accommodation, and ciliary muscle thickness were made both before and 30 min after instillation of 1% proparacaine and 2.5% phenylephrine. Accommodation was measured in three ways: subjectively using a push\u2010up technique and Royal Air Force (RAF) rule, and objectively using both the Grand Seiko autorefractor and PowerRefractor. Images of the temporal ciliary muscle were acquired using the Visante Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomographer (OCT). Ciliary muscle images were objectively analyzed using a computer\u2010based segmentation technique.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Amplitude of accommodation using the push\u2010up test was reduced by about 1 D with phenylephrine (p &lt; 0.001). Phenylephrine did not change the accommodative response to a 4 D Badal target as measured by either autorefraction or photorefraction (p &gt; 0.30). There was statistically significant thickening of the anterior region and thinning of the posterior region of the ciliary muscle with accommodation (p &lt; 0.001, all locations). Phenylephrine did not affect either baseline ciliary muscle thickness or the accommodative contraction of the muscle (p &gt; 0.09).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Low\u2010dose phenylephrine does not affect ciliary muscle dimensions, ciliary muscle contractility, or accommodative response to a 4 D near target.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/opx.0b013e318269c8d0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,24]],"date-time":"2012-08-24T03:34:48Z","timestamp":1345779288000},"page":"1507-1511","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["The Effect of Phenylephrine on the Ciliary Muscle and Accommodation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Kathryn","family":"Richdale","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Optometry, The State University of New York New York New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa D.","family":"Bailey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Optometry The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Loraine T.","family":"Sinnott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Optometry The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiu\u2010Yen","family":"Kao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio"},{"name":"Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Claremont McKenna College Claremont California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karla","family":"Zadnik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Optometry The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark A.","family":"Bullimore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Optometry University of Houston Houston Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.28.001097","article-title":"Accommodation and presbyopia in the human eye. 1: Evaluation of in vivo measurement techniques","volume":"28","author":"Koretz JF","year":"1989","journal-title":"Appl Opt"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2004.07.032","article-title":"Change in shape of the aging human crystalline lens with accommodation","volume":"45","author":"Dubbelman M","year":"2005","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2789","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-6989(97)00066-7","article-title":"Biometric investigation of changes in the 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