{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T18:49:41Z","timestamp":1792176581931,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,1]],"date-time":"2012-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1354320000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,1]],"date-time":"2012-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1354320000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["OVS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To present a novel case of pupillary involvement in ocular neuromyotonia (ONM), a rare ocular syndrome that causes intermittent diplopia because of an abnormal delay in extraocular muscle relaxation and to conduct a literature review.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A case report is presented to demonstrate clinical characteristics and treatment of ONM. In addition, a literature review is conducted by searching Medline and Embase databases. Data are collected from all known published cases listed in these databases to collate patient demographic data, presumed etiology or associated pathologies, and treatment strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The presented case demonstrates successful carbamazepine treatment of thyroid\u2010related orbitopathy\u2013associated ONM involving cranial nerve III. A review of the literature elicits 66 published cases of ONM, three of which were deemed to be associated with thyroid\u2010related orbitopathy. The most common cause of reported ONM is suprasellar pathology, comprising approximately 60% of documented cases. Most published ONM cases (n = 41) were treated with carbamazepine, demonstrating a success rate of 87.8%. Of the published cases, cranial nerve III was involved 56% of the time, cranial nerve VI was affected in 39% of cases, and only 9% of ONM cases involved cranial nerve IV.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ocular neuromyotonia is a rare cause of intermittent diplopia. Unlike most neurologic etiologies of diplopia, this syndrome can often be treated effectively with carbamazepine by stabilizing the neural cell membrane. To the authors\u2019 knowledge, this is the first presentation of ONM associated with thyroid\u2010related orbitopathy, demonstrating bilateral but asymmetric miosis during episodes of muscle spasm.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/opx.0b013e31827731bf","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,22]],"date-time":"2012-11-22T02:41:33Z","timestamp":1353552093000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Novel Case of Ocular Neuromyotonia Associated with Thyroid\u2010Related Orbitopathy and Literature Review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Andrea Susan","family":"Giardina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Salem Veterans Affairs Medical Center Salem Virginia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William Scott","family":"Slagle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Salem Veterans Affairs Medical Center Salem Virginia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alicia M.","family":"Greene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Salem Veterans Affairs Medical Center Salem Virginia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela N.","family":"Musick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Salem Veterans Affairs Medical Center Salem Virginia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel R.","family":"Eckermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Salem Veterans Affairs Medical Center Salem Virginia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.80.4.350","article-title":"Ocular neuromyotonia","volume":"80","author":"Ezra E","year":"1996","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"A 54\u2010year\u2010old man with intermittent diplopia","volume":"11","author":"Lee K","year":"2005","journal-title":"Digital J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","first-page":"207","article-title":"Intermittent diplopia and strabismus caused by ocular neuromyotonia","volume":"94","author":"Yee RD","year":"1996","journal-title":"Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1986.01050190086045","article-title":"Ocular neuromyotonia. 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