{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T21:07:39Z","timestamp":1786396059007,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,1]],"date-time":"2012-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1354320000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,1]],"date-time":"2012-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1354320000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["OVS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The purpose of the present study was to describe the baseline refractive and nearwork\u2010induced transient myopia (NITM) characteristics of the Beijing Myopia Progression Study, a 3\u2010year cohort study, that has three overall specific aims: to investigate the natural history of NITM in schoolchildren living in the inner city of Beijing aged between 7 and 17 years; to investigate the possible relation between NITM and permanent myopia; and to determine the possible associations with NITM (eg, parental history).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Three hundred eighty\u2010six students (187 males and 199 females) were enrolled. The mean ages were 8.4 \u00b1 1.1 years and 14.2 \u00b1 1.6 years for the primary school and secondary school students, respectively. Baseline refractive aspects were determined clinically. Initial NITM and its decay were assessed objectively immediately after binocularly viewing and performing a sustained near task (5 minutes; 5 diopters [D]), incorporating a cognitive demand with full distance refractive correction in place.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Initial NITM (mean \u00b1 SD) \/ decay time (median, first quartile, and third quartile) was 0.18 \u00b1 0.16 D \/ 50 (20, 90) seconds, 0.09 \u00b1 0.13 D \/ 30 (10, 40) seconds, and 0.10 \u00b1 0.19 D \/ 20 (10, 40) seconds among the myopic, emmetropic, and hyperopic students, respectively, for the combined school levels. Initial NITM and decay time were significantly larger\/longer in the myopic versus the other two refractive groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The present findings demonstrate that in a large sample of school\u2010aged children with myopia, the initial NITM magnitude was significantly larger and the decay duration was significantly longer than that observed in age\u2010matched children with either emmetropia or hyperopia. Follow\u2010up for the next 3 years will provide insight into the possible role of NITM in the development of permanent myopia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/opx.0b013e3182775e05","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,27]],"date-time":"2012-11-27T05:35:29Z","timestamp":1353994529000},"page":"1725-1733","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Baseline Characteristics of Nearwork\u2010Induced Transient Myopia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Zhong","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Tongren Eye Center Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing"},{"name":"Beijing Ophthalmology &amp; Visual Science Key Laboratory Beijing"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Balamurali","family":"Vasudevan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Optometry Midwestern University Glendale Arizona"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan Bo","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Tongren Eye Center Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing"},{"name":"Beijing Ophthalmology &amp; Visual Science Key Laboratory Beijing"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi Cao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anyang Eye Hospital Anyang Henan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li Ya","family":"Qiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Tongren Eye Center Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing"},{"name":"Beijing Ophthalmology &amp; Visual Science Key Laboratory Beijing"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shi Song","family":"Rong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Tongren Eye Center Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing"},{"name":"Beijing Ophthalmology &amp; Visual Science Key Laboratory Beijing"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Si Zhen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Tongren Eye Center Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing"},{"name":"Beijing Ophthalmology &amp; Visual Science Key Laboratory Beijing"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ning Li","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Tongren Eye Center Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing"},{"name":"Beijing Ophthalmology &amp; Visual Science Key Laboratory Beijing"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth J.","family":"Ciuffreda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vision Sciences SUNY College of Optometry New York New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"11","article-title":"On the etiology of myopia. 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