{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T05:09:34Z","timestamp":1785474574260,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,1]],"date-time":"2013-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1359676800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,1]],"date-time":"2013-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1359676800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["OVS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate hyperopic shifts and the oblique (or 45\u2010degree\/135\u2010degree) component of astigmatism at large angles in the horizontal visual field using the Hartmann\u2010Shack technique.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The adult participants consisted of 6 hypermetropes, 13 emmetropes and 11 myopes. Measurements were made with a modified COAS\u2010HD Hartmann\u2010Shack aberrometer across \u00b160 degrees along the horizontal visual field in 5\u2010degree steps. Eyes were dilated with 1% cyclopentolate. Peripheral refraction was estimated as mean spherical (or spherical equivalent) refraction, with\/against the rule of astigmatism and oblique astigmatism components, and as horizontal and vertical refraction components based on 3\u2010mm major diameter elliptical pupils.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirty percent of eyes showed a pattern that was a combination of type IV and type I patterns of Rempt et al. (Rempt F, Hoogerheide J, Hoogenboom WP. Peripheral retinoscopy and the skiagram. Ophthalmologica 1971;162:1\u201310), which shows the characteristics of type IV (relative hypermetropia along the vertical meridian and relative myopia along the horizontal meridian) out to an angle of between 40 and 50 degrees before behaving like type I (both meridians show relative hypermetropia). We classified this pattern as type IV\/I. Seven of 13 emmetropes had this pattern. As a group, there was no significant variation of the oblique component of astigmatism with angle, but about one\u2010half of the eyes showed significant positive slopes (more positive or less negative values in the nasal field than in the temporal field) and one\u2010fourth showed significant negative slopes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>It is often considered that a pattern of relative peripheral hypermetropia predisposes to the development of myopia. In this context, the finding of a considerable portion of emmetropes with the IV\/I pattern suggests that it is unlikely that refraction at visual field angles beyond 40 degrees from fixation contributes to myopia development.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/opx.0b013e31827f1583","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,24]],"date-time":"2013-01-24T16:47:33Z","timestamp":1359046053000},"page":"140-147","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Peripheral Refraction Patterns Out to Large Field Angles"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"Ankit","family":"Mathur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Optometry and Institute of Health &amp; Biomedical Innovation Queensland University of Technology Kelvin Grove Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Atchison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Optometry and Institute of Health &amp; Biomedical Innovation Queensland University of Technology Kelvin Grove Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"23","article-title":"On the mechanism of the eye","volume":"91","author":"Young T","year":"1801","journal-title":"Phil Trans Royal Soc Lond"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1167\/10.12.16","article-title":"Thomas Young's contribution to visual optics: the Bakerian lecture \u201cOn the Mechanism of the Eye.\u201d","volume":"10","author":"Atchison DA","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Vis"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1931.00820050039003","article-title":"Refraction for the peripheral field of vision","volume":"5","author":"Ferree CE","year":"1931","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(32)90740-5","article-title":"Refractive asymmetry in the temporal and nasal halves of the visual field","volume":"15","author":"Ferree CE","year":"1932","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1933.00830010949006","article-title":"Interpretation of refractive conditions in the peripheral field of vision","volume":"9","author":"Ferree CE","year":"1933","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.2307\/1414275","article-title":"An important factor in space perception in the peripheral field of vision","volume":"45","author":"Ferree CE","year":"1933","journal-title":"Am J Psychol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","unstructured":"HenkerO.Apparatus for the objective measurement of the refractive value of the principal point of the eye. 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