{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T12:17:10Z","timestamp":1774959430994,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,1]],"date-time":"2013-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1370044800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,1]],"date-time":"2013-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1370044800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["OVS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine psychological factors and other mechanisms for soft contact lens (CL)\u2013related end\u2010of\u2010day symptoms of dryness and associated dropping out from lens wear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A PubMed search for articles related to dryness, comfort, and discomfort in CLs was conducted. Comparisons with rigid lens adaptation have been used to construct and examine a hypothesis that high levels of initial soft lens comfort increase expectations of an absence of lens awareness that result in end\u2010of\u2010day symptoms being more difficult to tolerate.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Relevant reports were referenced in this review having been located using the 143 listed by PubMed. Contact lens\u2013induced corneal hypoalgesia and the association between the influence on blink function of end\u2010of\u2010day general and ocular fatigue, lens front surface degradation, a dysfunctional pre\u2010lens tear layer, and symptoms of dryness suggest that lid wiper friction has a prime role in determining the level of lens awareness.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Rather than dry eye symptoms, end\u2010of\u2010day discomfort in CL wearers might be more appropriately described as dry lens symptoms. Apart from tear function, lens condition, compliance with lens care instructions, and symptom strength, lens awareness may also be determined by psychological factors such as motivation, high expectations for comfort, and sense of subjective well\u2010being. For example, high levels of comfort experienced on lens insertion may increase expectations of the level of comfort to be experienced at the end of the day. In addition, patient management seems to require a thorough assessment of lens comfort, which may indicate the need to review a patient's understanding of the relation between compliance and other factors, which could influence CL performance negatively. For example, increased use of digital devices, especially in air conditioning, and any associated reduced blink efficiency seem likely to be important contributors to dry lens symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/opx.0b013e318292624b","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,19]],"date-time":"2013-04-19T10:19:45Z","timestamp":1366366785000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Psychological and Other Mechanisms for End\u2010of\u2010Day Soft Lens Symptoms"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"Charles W.","family":"McMonnies","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Optometry and Vision Science University of New South Wales Kensington New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","first-page":"32","volume-title":"The Pre\u2010Ocular Tear Film","author":"McMonnies CW","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","first-page":"195","volume-title":"Complications of Contact Lens Wear","author":"Tomlinson A","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-199910000-00021","article-title":"Hydrogel lens dehydration and subjective comfort and dryness ratings in symptomatic and asymptomatic contact lens wearers","volume":"76","author":"Fonn D","year":"1999","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","first-page":"40","article-title":"Responses of contact lens wearers to a dry eye survey","volume":"77","author":"Begley CG","year":"2000","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1097\/ICL.0b013e3181d1d5a5","article-title":"Ocular surface comfort during the day assessed by instant reporting in different types of contact and non\u2010contact lens wearers","volume":"36","author":"Santodomingo\u2010Rubido J","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eye Contact Lens"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","first-page":"194","article-title":"Effect of contact lens materials on tear physiology","volume":"81","author":"Thai LC","year":"2004","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","first-page":"37","article-title":"New data on contact lens dropouts: an international perspective","volume":"147","author":"Rumpakis JM","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rev Optom"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clae.2006.12.002","article-title":"Incomplete blinking: exposure keratopathy, lid wiper epitheliopathy, dry eye, refractive surgery, and dry contact lenses","volume":"30","author":"McMonnies CW","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cont Lens Anterior Eye"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","first-page":"756","article-title":"Pre\u2010corneal tear film thickness in humans measured with a novel technique","volume":"17","author":"Azartash K","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol Vis"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.02-0377","article-title":"Thickness of the pre\u2010 and post\u2010contact lens tear film measured in vivo by interferometry","volume":"44","author":"Nichols JJ","year":"2003","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","first-page":"239","article-title":"Human tear volume, quality and evaporation: a comparison of Schirmer, tear breakup time and resistance hygrometry techniques","volume":"3","author":"Cedarstaff TH","year":"1983","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol Opt"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0b013e3181ae027b","article-title":"Influence of tear film and contact lens osmolality on ocular comfort in contact lens wear","volume":"86","author":"Stahl U","year":"2009","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870120629","article-title":"Analysis of blink rate patterns in normal subjects","volume":"12","author":"Bentivoglio AR","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-27492009000500017","article-title":"Comparative study of the blinking time between young adult and adult video display terminal users in indoor environment","volume":"72","author":"Schaefer TM","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arq Bras Oftalmol"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","unstructured":"The Vision Council.Keeping Your Eyes Safe in a Digital Age. 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