{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T16:32:07Z","timestamp":1786120327121,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,1]]},"DOI":"10.1097\/pai.0b013e3182247506","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,12]],"date-time":"2011-12-12T20:03:38Z","timestamp":1323720218000},"page":"77-81","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Ghrelin Immunoexpression in the Human Hypophysis"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Fabio","family":"Rotondo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angelo","family":"Rotondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernd W.","family":"Scheithauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Cusimano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleanor","family":"Latta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis V.","family":"Syro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kalman","family":"Kovacs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-13-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1038\/45230","article-title":"Ghrelin is a growth-hormone-releasing acylated peptide from stomach.","volume":"402","author":"Kojima","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"R2-13-20210126","first-page":"80","article-title":"Endocrine and metabolic activities of a recently isolated peptide hormone ghrelin, an endogenous ligand of the growth hormone secretagogue receptor.","volume":"38","author":"Jarkovska","year":"2004","journal-title":"Endocr Regul"},{"key":"R3-13-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1038\/35086018","article-title":"Ghrelin: an orexigenic and somatotrophic signal from the stomach.","volume":"2","author":"Inui","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"R4-13-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/S1043-2760(00)00362-3","article-title":"Ghrelin: discovery of the natural endogenous ligand for the growth hormone secretagogue receptor.","volume":"12","author":"Kojima","year":"2001","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"R5-13-20210126","first-page":"119","article-title":"Ghrelin-the guardian of energy balance.","volume":"40","author":"Janas-Kozik","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychiatr Pol"},{"key":"R7-13-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00012.2004","article-title":"Ghrelin: structure and function.","volume":"85","author":"Kojima","year":"2005","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"R8-13-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(03)00063-1","article-title":"The distribution and mechanism of action of ghrelin in the CNS demonstrates a novel hypothalamic circuit regulating energy homeostasis.","volume":"37","author":"Cowley","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"R9-13-20210126","first-page":"109","article-title":"Endocrine and non-endocrine actions of ghrelin.","volume":"59","author":"Broglio","year":"2003","journal-title":"Horm Res"},{"key":"R10-13-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2006.05.022","article-title":"Ghrelin and the short-and long-term regulation of appetite and body weight.","volume":"89","author":"Cummings","year":"2006","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"key":"R11-13-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5992","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.86.12.8111","article-title":"Ghrelin enhances appetite and increases food intake in humans.","volume":"86","author":"Wren","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"R12-13-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4255","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.141.11.7757","article-title":"Ghrelin, a novel growth-hormone releasing acylated peptide, is synthesized in a distinct endocrine cell type in the gastrointestinal tracts of rats and humans.","volume":"141","author":"Date","year":"2000","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"R13-13-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1007\/s00418-002-0415-1","article-title":"Characterization of gastric ghrelin cells in man and other mammals: studies in adults and fetal tissues.","volume":"117","author":"Rindi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Histochem Cell Biol"},{"key":"R14-13-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5052","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.86.10.7918","article-title":"Ghrelin-producing endocrine tumors of the stomach and intestine.","volume":"86","author":"Papotti","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"R15-13-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.142.2.7987","article-title":"Ghrelin, a novel placental-derived hormone.","volume":"142","author":"Gualillo","year":"2001","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"R16-13-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1385\/ENDO:14:1:101","article-title":"Presence of ghrelin in normal and adenomatous human pituitary.","volume":"14","author":"Korbonits","year":"2001","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"R18-13-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(00)02308-5","article-title":"Kidney produces a novel acylated peptide, ghrelin.","volume":"486","author":"Mori","year":"2000","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"R19-13-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.143.2.8646","article-title":"Novel expression and functional role of ghrelin in rat testis.","volume":"143","author":"Tena-Sempere","year":"2002","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"R20-13-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1233462","article-title":"Expression of ghrelin and its receptor in human tissues.","volume":"41","author":"Ueberberg","year":"2009","journal-title":"Horm Metab Res"},{"key":"R21-13-20210126","first-page":"345","article-title":"Silent somatotroph adenomas of the human pituitary: a morphologic study of three cases including immunocytochemistry, electron microscopy, in vitro examination, and in situ hybridization.","volume":"134","author":"Kovacs","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"R22-13-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1097\/PAI.0b013e31818fa0ed","article-title":"Rab 3B immunoexpression in human pituitary adenomas.","volume":"17","author":"Rotondo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol"},{"key":"R23-13-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-006-0031-6","article-title":"Immunohistochemical expression of nestin in the non-tumorous hypophysis and in pituitary neoplasms.","volume":"111","author":"Rotondo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"R24-13-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1738","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.H.00717","article-title":"Nitric oxide synthases, cyclogenease-2, nitrotyrosine and angiogenesis in chondrosarcoma and their relation to prognosis.","volume":"92","author":"Nakagawa","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"R25-13-20210126","first-page":"881","article-title":"The expression of the growth hormone secretagogue receptor ligand ghrelin in normal and abnormal human pituitary and other neuroendocrine tumors.","volume":"86","author":"Korbonits","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"R26-13-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2988","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.87.6.8739","article-title":"The tissue distribution of the mRNA of ghrelin and subtypes of its receptor, GHS-R, in humans.","volume":"87","author":"Gnanapavan","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"R27-13-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5089","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2003-0529","article-title":"Cellular distribution and regulation of ghrelin messenger ribonucleic acid in rat pituitary gland.","volume":"144","author":"Caminos","year":"2003","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"R28-13-20210126","first-page":"23","article-title":"Distribution of mRNA encoding the growth hormone secretagogue receptor in brain and peripheral tissues.","volume":"48","author":"Guan","year":"1997","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"R29-13-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1210\/mend.11.4.9908","article-title":"Molecular analysis of rat pituitary and hypothalamic growth hormone secretagogue receptors.","volume":"11","author":"McKee","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol"},{"key":"R30-13-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4908","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.85.12.7167","article-title":"Ghrelin strongly stimulates growth hormone release in humans.","volume":"85","author":"Takaya","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"R31-13-20210126","first-page":"1169","article-title":"Endocrine activities of ghrelin, a natural growth hormone secretagogue (GHS), in humans: comparison and interactions with hexarelin, a nonnatural peptidyl GHS, and GH-releasing hormone.","volume":"86","author":"Arvat","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"R32-13-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(98)00532-6","article-title":"An electrophysiological and morphological investigation of the projections of growth hormone-releasing peptide-6-responsive neurons in the rat arcuate nucleus to the median eminence and to the paraventricular nucleus.","volume":"90","author":"Honda","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"R33-13-20210126","first-page":"942","article-title":"Blocked growth hormone-releasing peptide (GHRP-6)-induced GH secretion and absence of the synergic action of GHRP-6 plus GH-releasing hormone in patients with hypothalamopituitary disconnection: evidence that GHRP-6 main action is exerted at the hypothalamic level.","volume":"80","author":"Popovic","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"R34-13-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3450","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-030211","article-title":"Ghrelin main action on the regulation of growth hormone release is exerted at hypothalamic level.","volume":"88","author":"Popovic","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"R35-13-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2004.02160.x","article-title":"Ghrelin: more than a natural GH secretagogue andor an orexigenic factor.","volume":"62","author":"Ghigo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"key":"R36-13-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1385\/ENDO:14:1:087","article-title":"Biologic activities of growth hormone secretagogues in humans.","volume":"14","author":"Ghigo","year":"2001","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"R37-13-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1537","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2002-021504","article-title":"The endocrine response to ghrelin as a function of gender in humans in young and elderly subjects.","volume":"88","author":"Broglio","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"R38-13-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2002-0029","article-title":"Biological, physiological, pathophysiological, and pharmacological aspects of ghrelin.","volume":"25","author":"van der Lely","year":"2004","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"R39-13-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.50.2.227","article-title":"Ghrelin, an endogenous growth hormone secretagogue, is a novel orexigenic peptide that antagonizes leptin action through the activation of hypothalamic Neuropeptide YY1 receptor pathway.","volume":"50","author":"Shintani","year":"2001","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"R40-13-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2004.07.001","article-title":"Clinical endocrinology and metabolism. Ghrelin, a novel growth hormone-releasing and appetite-stimulating peptide from stomach.","volume":"18","author":"Kojima","year":"2004","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"R41-13-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1506","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2002-220788","article-title":"Ghrelin-induced food intake is mediated via the orexin pathway.","volume":"144","author":"Toshinai","year":"2003","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"R42-13-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0022-7722.2003.00055.x","article-title":"Hypothalamic neuronal networks and feeding related peptides involved in the regulation of feeding.","volume":"78","author":"Funahashi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Anat Sci Int"},{"key":"R43-13-20210126","first-page":"2903","article-title":"Leptin and leptin receptor expresion in normal and neoplastic human pituitary evidence of a regulatory role for letin on pituitary cell proliferation.","volume":"84","author":"Jin","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"R44-13-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1177\/002215540004800811","article-title":"Subcellular localization of leptin in non-tumorous and adenomatous human pituitaries: an immuno-ultrastructural study.","volume":"48","author":"Vidal","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Histochem Cytochem"},{"key":"R45-13-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1177\/153537020422901004","article-title":"Ghrelin expression and actions: a novel peptide for an old cell type of the diffuse endocrine system.","volume":"229","author":"Rindi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Exp Biol Med"},{"key":"R46-13-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1007\/s00418-002-0416-0","article-title":"Ghrelin expression in gut endocrine growths.","volume":"117","author":"Rindi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Histochem Cell Biol"},{"key":"R47-13-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1300","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.87.3.8279","article-title":"Expression of ghrelin and of the secretagogue receptor by pancreatic islet cells and related endocrine tumors.","volume":"87","author":"Volante","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"R48-13-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1500173","article-title":"Expression of ghrelin and biological activity of specific receptors for ghrelin and des-acyl ghrelin in human prostate neoplasms and related cell lines.","volume":"150","author":"Cassoni","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"R49-13-20210126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R7","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.172r007","article-title":"Expression and action of the growth hormone releasing peptide and its receptor in prostate cancer cell lines.","volume":"172","author":"Jeffery","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Endocrinol"}],"container-title":["Applied Immunohistochemistry &amp; Molecular Morphology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/00129039-201201000-00013","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T20:29:57Z","timestamp":1786048197000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/00129039-201201000-00013"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,1]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/pai.0b013e3182247506","relation":{},"ISSN":["1541-2016"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1541-2016","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,1]]}}}