{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T11:26:56Z","timestamp":1785929216932,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We present a series of nonectopic pituitary adenomas presenting as polypoid sinonasal or nasopharyngeal masses. Thirteen cases diagnosed by biopsies from the nasal cavity, sinuses, or nasopharynx were identified from a series of 1288 surgical pituitary specimens. The patients included 5 men and 8 women ranging from 29 to 69 years of age. The presentations included nasal obstruction (4 cases), headaches (3), visual defects (2), recurrent nose bleeds (1), rhinorrhea (1), sepsis (1), fatigue (1), and hyperthyroidism (1). All patients had large tumors involving the sella and extending inferiorly to involve the sphenoid sinus in 10 cases, ethmoid in 8, nasopharynx in 3, nasal cavity in 6, maxillary and frontal sinuses in 1 case each. In 3 patients, the biopsy was from the nasopharynx, in 4 from the nasal cavity, in 4 from the sphenoid sinus, and in 2 from the ethmoid sinus. The correct diagnosis of pituitary adenoma was initially made in 10 cases. In 3 cases the initial diagnosis was incorrect; 2 tumors were classified as olfactory neuroblastoma, one of those was reclassified as neuroendocrine carcinoma, and 1 case was initially diagnosed as neuroendocrine carcinoma with aberrant adrenocorticotrophic hormone expression. Clinical follow-up (2 to 25 y) and treatment information was available in 10 cases. All 10 patients were alive, either free of disease (4 cases) or with disease (6 cases). In 2 cases, the wrong diagnoses led to incorrect treatment with significant morbidity. These cases illustrate that pituitary adenomas can invade nasopharynx and sinonasal cavities and when they do, they present a possible diagnostic pitfall with potentially serious consequences. We demonstrate the need to always consider this entity when encountering a nasopharyngeal or sinonasal tumor with neuroendocrine features.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1097\/pas.0000000000000784","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,25]],"date-time":"2016-12-25T12:56:57Z","timestamp":1482670617000},"page":"525-534","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Pituitary Adenomas Presenting as Sinonasal or Nasopharyngeal Masses"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Martin D.","family":"Hyrcza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology"},{"name":"Pathology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shereen","family":"Ezzat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicine, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ozgur","family":"Mete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology"},{"name":"Pathology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sylvia L.","family":"Asa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology"},{"name":"Pathology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R2-20230922","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1586\/17446651.2016.1153422","article-title":"Aggressive pituitary tumors or localized pituitary carcinomas: defining pituitary tumors","volume":"11","author":"Asa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Expert Reviews Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"key":"R3-20230922","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1007\/s12105-012-0336-9","article-title":"Ectopic sphenoid sinus pituitary adenoma (ESSPA) with normal anterior pituitary gland: a clinicopathologic and immunophenotypic study of 32 cases with a comprehensive review of the english literature","volume":"6","author":"Thompson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Head Neck Pathol"},{"key":"R4-20230922","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.2015.151","article-title":"Silent subtype 3 pituitary adenomas are not always silent and represent poorly differentiated monomorphous plurihormonal Pit-1 lineage adenomas","volume":"29","author":"Mete","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"key":"R5-20230922","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1786","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e3182363b78","article-title":"Calretinin staining facilitates differentiation of olfactory neuroblastoma from other small round blue cell tumors in the sinonasal tract","volume":"35","author":"Wooff","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"R7-20230922","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.52.675","article-title":"Olfactory neuroblastoma causing ectopic ACTH syndrome","volume":"52","author":"Kanno","year":"2005","journal-title":"Endocr J"},{"key":"R8-20230922","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-994291","article-title":"Cushing\u2019s syndrome: an unusual presentation of olfactory neuroblastoma","volume":"18","author":"Josephs","year":"2008","journal-title":"Skull Base"},{"key":"R9-20230922","first-page":"421","article-title":"Sinonasal intestinal-type adenocarcinoma: immunohistochemical profile and comparison with colonic adenocarcinoma","volume":"8","author":"McKinney","year":"1995","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"key":"R10-20230922","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1159\/000377703","article-title":"Catecholamine-synthesizing enzymes are expressed in parasympathetic head and neck paraganglioma tissue","volume":"101","author":"Osinga","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"key":"R11-20230922","first-page":"196","article-title":"Nasal polyp\u2014an incidental paraganglioma","volume":"32","author":"Srivastava","year":"2016","journal-title":"Turk Patoloji Derg"},{"key":"R12-20230922","article-title":"Nasal septum: an extremely unusual location for head and neck paraganglioma","author":"Gawarle","year":"2016","journal-title":"Braz J Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"R13-20230922","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R69","DOI":"10.1530\/JME-12-0113","article-title":"Biomarkers of aggressive pituitary adenomas","volume":"49","author":"Mete","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Mol Endocrinol"},{"key":"R14-20230922","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215100090587","article-title":"Nasal obstruction in pituitary tumours","volume":"95","author":"Cole","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Laryngol Otol"},{"key":"R15-20230922","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1177\/000348948909800810","article-title":"Large pituitary adenomas with extension into the nasopharynx. 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