{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T08:29:19Z","timestamp":1787819359627,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Adenoid basal carcinoma (ABC) is a rare clinically indolent human papillomavirus\u2013associated cervical neoplasm with uniformly bland morphology which in pure form does not metastasize. Many cases co-exist with a human papillomavirus\u2013associated high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) or squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The ABC and high-grade squamous components may be clearly separate, albeit intermingled, and when the high-grade squamous component is invasive, the tumor is designated a mixed carcinoma, with clinical behavior determined by the non-ABC component. In other cases, discrete nests of high-grade atypical squamous cells are intimately admixed and incorporated within the ABC. These are more difficult to classify but are also usually reported as mixed carcinomas. Herein, we report a series of 9 cases of ABC in patients aged 33 to 89 years (mean age: 63\u00a0y) with a high-grade squamous component. In 7 cases, the high-grade squamous cells partly replaced and expanded the nests of ABC, sometimes with a residual cuff of ABC cells, while in the other 2 cases the ABC and SCC were clearly separate. We propose that the aforementioned 7 cases represent colonization of ABC by HSIL rather than mixed carcinomas; as far as we are aware, this concept has not been proposed before. In all cases which we feel represent colonization of ABC by HSIL, the tumors were confined to the cervix (stages IA1 [3 tumors], IA2 [2 tumors], IB1 [2 tumors]) and follow-up was unremarkable with no evidence of metastasis. One case with separate components of ABC and SCC was stage IVA at diagnosis and the patient died of disease. The other was stage IB1 at diagnosis and the patient died of unrelated causes at 13 months. We discuss the clinical implications of distinguishing true mixed carcinomas from colonization of ABC by HSIL and provide an approach to diagnosis. We also report a unique case of colonization of so-called cervical ectopic prostatic tissue by HSIL.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1097\/pas.0000000000002157","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,22]],"date-time":"2023-11-22T14:03:00Z","timestamp":1700661780000},"page":"238-246","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Cervical Adenoid Basal Carcinoma With High-grade Squamous Component"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Karen L.","family":"Talia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Children\u2019s Hospital and Royal Women\u2019s Hospital, Melbourne, Vic., Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W.Glenn","family":"McCluggage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, Northern Ireland, 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concepts","volume":"1","author":"Russell","year":"2006","journal-title":"Diagn Pathol"},{"key":"R7-20250608","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1097\/PGP.0000000000000717","article-title":"Skene\u2019s gland derivatives in the female genital tract and cervical adenoid basal carcinoma are consistently positive with prostatic marker NKX3.1","volume":"40","author":"Hawari","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Pathol"},{"key":"R8-20250608","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2020.07.011","article-title":"NKX3.1 expression in cervical \u2018adenoid basal cell carcinoma\u2019: another gynaecological lesion with prostatic differentiation?","volume":"53","author":"Stewart","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pathology"},{"key":"R9-20250608","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1097\/00004347-199710000-00002","article-title":"The origin and molecular characterization of adenoid basal carcinoma of the uterine cervix","volume":"16","author":"Jones","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Pathol"},{"key":"R10-20250608","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1438.1996.06030193.x","article-title":"Cervical adenoid basal carcinoma, five cases and literature review","volume":"6","author":"Layton-Henry","year":"1996","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Cancer"},{"key":"R11-20250608","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1224","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-200009000-00005","article-title":"Ectopic prostatic tissue in the uterine cervix: a report of four cases and review of ectopic prostatic tissue","volume":"24","author":"Nucci","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"R12-20250608","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1097\/01.pas.0000180446.17517.b8","article-title":"Ectopic prostatic tissue in the uterine cervix and vagina: report of a series with a detailed immunohistochemical analysis","volume":"30","author":"McCluggage","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"R13-20250608","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1097\/PGP.0b013e31821713b6","article-title":"Misplaced Skene\u2019s glands: glandular elements in the lower female genital tract that are variably immunoreactive with prostate markers and that encompass vaginal tubulosquamous polyp and cervical ectopic prostatic tissue","volume":"30","author":"Kelly","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Pathol"},{"key":"R14-20250608","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e31802bdd72","article-title":"Tubulo-squamous polyp: a report of ten cases of a distinctive hitherto uncharacterized vaginal polyp","volume":"31","author":"McCluggage","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"R15-20250608","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.5858\/arpa.2021-0199-OA","article-title":"Histologic findings in gynecologic tissue from transmasculine individuals undergoing gender-affirming surgery","volume":"146","author":"Lin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"R16-20250608","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000001486","article-title":"Prostatic metaplasia of the vagina and uterine cervix: an androgen-associated glandular lesion of surface squamous epithelium","volume":"44","author":"Anderson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"R17-20250608","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1111\/his.14587","article-title":"Surface prostatic metaplasia, transitional cell metaplasia and superficial clusters of small basophilic cells in the uterine cervix: prevalence in gender-affirming hysterectomies and comparison with benign hysterectomies from cisgender women","volume":"80","author":"McMullen-Tabry","year":"2022","journal-title":"Histopathology"}],"container-title":["American Journal of 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