{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T16:33:04Z","timestamp":1786120384458,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]},"DOI":"10.1097\/pas.0b013e31823fe49c","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,7]],"date-time":"2012-02-07T07:24:20Z","timestamp":1328599460000},"page":"432-442","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Urachal Carcinomas of the Nonglandular type"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Gladell P.","family":"Paner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G\u00fcliz A.","family":"Barkan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vikas","family":"Mehta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sahussapont Joseph","family":"Sirintrapun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toyonori","family":"Tsuzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas J.","family":"Sebo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafael E.","family":"Jimenez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-15-20210131","first-page":"631","article-title":"Transitional cell carcinoma of urachus: a case report.","volume":"46","author":"Abe","year":"2000","journal-title":"Hinyokika Kiyo"},{"key":"R2-15-20210131","first-page":"1062","article-title":"Adenocarcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation of the urinary bladder. Clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural study.","volume":"110","author":"Abenoza","year":"1986","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"R3-15-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.2004.01980.x","article-title":"Small cell carcinoma of the bladder: a contemporary clinicopathological study of 51 cases.","volume":"46","author":"Abrahams","year":"2005","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"R4-15-20210131","first-page":"174A","article-title":"Surgical pathology of non-neoplastic urachal remnants in pediatric patients.","volume":"23","author":"Alvarez","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"key":"R5-15-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1615","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2007.03.194","article-title":"Urachal anomalies: a longitudinal study of urachal remnants in children and adults.","volume":"178","author":"Ashley","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"R6-15-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.22060","article-title":"Urachal carcinoma: clinicopathologic features and long-term outcomes of an aggressive malignancy.","volume":"107","author":"Ashley","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"R8-15-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2559.2000.00797.x","article-title":"Secondary neoplasms of the bladder are histological mimics of nontransitional cell primary tumours: clinicopathological and histological features of 282 cases.","volume":"36","author":"Bates","year":"2000","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"R9-15-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.1970.tb04503.x","article-title":"Carcinoma of the urachus.","volume":"42","author":"Beck","year":"1970","journal-title":"Br J Urol"},{"key":"R10-15-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(52)91644-9","article-title":"Haematuria from an undetected urachal tumour.","volume":"2","author":"Begg","year":"1952","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R11-15-20210131","first-page":"170","article-title":"The urachus: its anatomy, histology and development.","volume":"64","author":"Begg","year":"1930","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"key":"R12-15-20210131","first-page":"51","article-title":"Anatomic variants of the urachus related to clinical appearance and surgical treatment of urachal lesions.","volume":"137","author":"Blichert-Toft","year":"1973","journal-title":"Surg Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"R13-15-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1177\/030089168907500526","article-title":"Carcinoma of the urachus. Report of a case.","volume":"75","author":"Boscaino","year":"1989","journal-title":"Tumori"},{"key":"R14-15-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.20456","article-title":"Small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder: a clinicopathologic analysis of 64 patients.","volume":"101","author":"Cheng","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"R15-15-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)67834-2","article-title":"Squamous cell carcinoma of the urachus.","volume":"163","author":"Chow","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"R16-15-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1921","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2009.03.026","article-title":"Clinical presentation and urachal remnant pathology: implications for treatment.","volume":"182","author":"Copp","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"R18-15-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1435","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-199812000-00001","article-title":"The World Health OrganizationInternational Society of Urological Pathology consensus classification of urothelial (transitional cell) neoplasms of the urinary bladder. Bladder Consensus Conference Committee.","volume":"22","author":"Epstein","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"R19-15-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1097\/PAP.0b013e3180ca8a89","article-title":"Neuroendocrine lesions of the genitourinary tract.","volume":"14","author":"Fine","year":"2007","journal-title":"Adv Anat Pathol"},{"key":"R20-15-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(195803\/04)11:2<245::AID-CNCR2820110203>3.0.CO;2-O","article-title":"Transitional-cell carcinoma of the urachal apex.","volume":"11","author":"Fisher","year":"1958","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"R21-15-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-2042.2007.01857.x","article-title":"Squamous cell carcinoma of the urachus.","volume":"14","author":"Fujiyama","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Urol"},{"key":"R22-15-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1824","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2008.03.105","article-title":"Management of urachal remnants in early childhood.","volume":"180","author":"Galati","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"R23-15-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00272286","article-title":"Clinical features of urachal carcinoma in Japan: review of 157 patients.","volume":"11","author":"Ghazizadeh","year":"1983","journal-title":"Urol Res"},{"key":"R24-15-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1761","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000091800.15071.52","article-title":"Carcinoma in a bladder diverticulum: presentation and treatment outcome.","volume":"170","author":"Golijanin","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"R25-15-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e31819aa4ae","article-title":"Urachal carcinoma: a clinicopathologic analysis of 24 cases with outcome correlation.","volume":"33","author":"Gopalan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"R26-15-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2165","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19910415)67:8<2165::AID-CNCR2820670827>3.0.CO;2-M","article-title":"Primary adenocarcinoma of the urinary bladder. A clinicopathologic analysis of 72 cases.","volume":"67","author":"Grignon","year":"1991","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"R27-15-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1448","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2009.03.005","article-title":"Squamous cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder: a clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of 16 cases.","volume":"40","author":"Guo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"key":"R28-15-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1090800302","article-title":"The urachus, its anatomy and associated fasciae.","volume":"80","author":"Hammond","year":"1941","journal-title":"Anat Rec"},{"key":"R29-15-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1770","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2011.02.022","article-title":"Limited smoothelin expression within the muscularis mucosae: validation in bladder diverticula.","volume":"42","author":"Hansel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"key":"R30-15-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.3109\/00313028409059098","article-title":"Carcinoma of the urachus.","volume":"16","author":"Hayman","year":"1984","journal-title":"Pathology"},{"key":"R31-15-20210131","first-page":"4","article-title":"Carcinoma of the urachus; report of two cases.","volume":"50","author":"Higgins","year":"1946","journal-title":"Urol Cutaneous Rev"},{"key":"R32-15-20210131","first-page":"269","article-title":"Adenocarcinoma with a neuroendocrine component arising in the urachus. A case report.","volume":"34","author":"Hom","year":"1990","journal-title":"Acta Cytol"},{"key":"R33-15-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.1991.tb15083.x","article-title":"Transitional cell carcinoma arising in a urachal cyst.","volume":"67","author":"Irwin","year":"1991","journal-title":"Br J Urol"},{"key":"R34-15-20210131","first-page":"945","article-title":"Squamous cell carcinoma of the urachus. A case report and review of literature.","volume":"36","author":"Jimi","year":"1986","journal-title":"Acta Pathol Jpn"},{"key":"R35-15-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-4295(85)90112-8","article-title":"Urachal carcinoma.","volume":"26","author":"Johnson","year":"1985","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"R36-15-20210131","first-page":"557","article-title":"Case of urachal cancer treated by neoadjuvant chemotherapy with FOLFOX4 (oxaliplatin, 5-FU and leukovolin).","volume":"54","author":"Kikuchi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hinyokika Kiyo"},{"key":"R37-15-20210131","first-page":"1459","article-title":"Carcinoma of the urachus with variable pathological findings: report of a case and review of literature.","volume":"33","author":"Kitami","year":"1987","journal-title":"Hinyokika Kiyo"},{"key":"R38-15-20210131","first-page":"887","article-title":"Metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the urachus.","volume":"5","author":"Kodali","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Adv Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"R39-15-20210131","first-page":"297","article-title":"Urachal carcinoma with direct invasion to the jejunum; a case report.","volume":"13","author":"Koie","year":"2000","journal-title":"Jpn J Urol Surg"},{"key":"R41-15-20210131","first-page":"54","article-title":"Small cell carcinoma encountered in a urinary bladder diverticulum.","volume":"6","author":"Labanaris","year":"2009","journal-title":"Urol J"},{"key":"R42-15-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1777","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e31805c9cd9","article-title":"Squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder: a clinicopathologic analysis of 45 cases.","volume":"31","author":"Lagwinski","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"R43-15-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.4321\/S0004-06142006000900013","article-title":"Papillary urothelial carcinoma of the urachus.","volume":"59","author":"Lara","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Esp Urol"},{"key":"R44-15-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.2930470114","article-title":"Squamous cell carcinoma of the umbilicus associated with acquired immune deficiency syndrome.","volume":"47","author":"Lee","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Surg Oncol"},{"key":"R45-15-20210131","first-page":"436","article-title":"Urachal carcinoma: a report of two cases.","volume":"56","author":"Lin","year":"1995","journal-title":"Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi"},{"key":"R46-15-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)58300-7","article-title":"Squamous cell carcinoma of the urachus.","volume":"118","author":"Lin","year":"1977","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"R47-15-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.1990.tb14808.x","article-title":"Transitional cell carcinoma of the urachus.","volume":"65","author":"Lyth","year":"1990","journal-title":"Br J Urol"},{"key":"R48-15-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-2042.2008.02026.x","article-title":"Synchronous and multiple transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder and urachal cyst.","volume":"15","author":"Maletic","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Urol"},{"key":"R49-15-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1016\/jpsu.2003.50170","article-title":"Surgical implications of urachal remnants: presentation and management.","volume":"38","author":"McCollum","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"R50-15-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-198708000-00004","article-title":"Small cell undifferentiated carcinoma of the urinary bladder. A light-microscopic, immunocytochemical, and ultrastructural study of 12 cases.","volume":"11","author":"Mills","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"R51-15-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2434","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.23070","article-title":"Predictors of survival from urachal cancer: a Mayo Clinic study of 49 cases.","volume":"110","author":"Molina","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"R52-15-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(1955)8:4<741::AID-CNCR2820080417>3.0.CO;2-C","article-title":"Mucous adenocarcinoma of the urinary bladder.","volume":"8","author":"Mostofi","year":"1955","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"R53-15-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1159\/000475079","article-title":"Mixed adenocarcinoma and neuroendocrine carcinoma arising in the urachus. A case report and review of the literature.","volume":"28","author":"Munichor","year":"1995","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"R54-15-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)62614-4","article-title":"Carcinoma of the urachus: report of two cases and review of the literature.","volume":"100","author":"Nadjmi","year":"1968","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"R55-15-20210131","first-page":"174","article-title":"Urachal urothelial carcinoma diagnosed at a radical prostatectomy operation: a case report.","volume":"32","author":"Nese","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anal Quant Cytol Histol"},{"key":"R56-15-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e3182189c11","article-title":"Immunohistochemical analysis in a morphologic spectrum of urachal epithelial neoplasms: diagnostic implications and pitfalls.","volume":"35","author":"Paner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"R57-15-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2042","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(06)00263-1","article-title":"Population based survival data on urachal tumors.","volume":"175","author":"Pinthus","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"R58-15-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.1977.tb04139.x","article-title":"Squamous cell carcinoma of the urachus with vesical calculus.","volume":"49","author":"Pujari","year":"1977","journal-title":"Br J Urol"},{"key":"R59-15-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611-199009000-00014","article-title":"Urachal abnormalities in adults: the Ochsner experience.","volume":"83","author":"Risher","year":"1990","journal-title":"South Med J"},{"key":"R61-15-20210131","first-page":"1039","article-title":"Urachal transitional cell carcinoma invading the sigmoid colon.","volume":"34","author":"Saito","year":"1988","journal-title":"Hinyokika Kiyo"},{"key":"R62-15-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.1995.tb07321.x","article-title":"Metachronous transitional cell carcinoma of the urachus and bladder.","volume":"75","author":"Satake","year":"1995","journal-title":"Br J Urol"},{"key":"R63-15-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)53595-8","article-title":"Tubular urachal remnants in adult bladders.","volume":"127","author":"Schubert","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"R64-15-20210131","first-page":"311","article-title":"A case of squamous cell carcinoma in urachus.","volume":"58","author":"Sekita","year":"2004","journal-title":"Jpn J of Clin Urol"},{"key":"R65-15-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.1958.tb03510.x","article-title":"Squamous-cell carcinoma in a cyst of the urachus.","volume":"30","author":"Shaw","year":"1958","journal-title":"Br J Urol"},{"key":"R66-15-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)50167-6","article-title":"Malignant urachal lesions.","volume":"131","author":"Sheldon","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"R67-15-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-009-9576-x","article-title":"Transitional cell carcinoma in urachal cyst.","volume":"35","author":"Soni","year":"2010","journal-title":"Abdom Imaging"},{"key":"R68-15-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.5858\/133.5.791","article-title":"Histopathologic features and clinical outcomes in 71 cases of bladder diverticula.","volume":"133","author":"Tamas","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"R69-15-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-004-2408-z","article-title":"Computed tomographic appearance of urachal adenocarcinomas: review of 25 cases.","volume":"15","author":"Thali-Schwab","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"R70-15-20210131","first-page":"820","article-title":"Urachal mass in adults: clinical analysis of 33 cases.","volume":"88","author":"Tian","year":"2008","journal-title":"Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi"},{"key":"R71-15-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1159\/000052417","article-title":"Small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. Presentation of 23 cases and review of 134 published cases.","volume":"39","author":"Trias","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"R72-15-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3468(03)00268-9","article-title":"Urachal anomalies: ultrasonography and management.","volume":"38","author":"Ueno","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"R73-15-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2003-44725","article-title":"Urachal remnants: an enigma.","volume":"13","author":"Upadhyay","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"R74-15-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(195401)7:1<119::AID-CNCR2820070113>3.0.CO;2-8","article-title":"Adenocarcinoma involving the urinary bladder.","volume":"7","author":"Wheeler","year":"1954","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"R75-15-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.22059","article-title":"Differences in survival among patients with urachal and nonurachal adenocarcinomas of the bladder.","volume":"107","author":"Wright","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"R76-15-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc1697","article-title":"Urothelial tumorigenesis: a tale of divergent pathways.","volume":"5","author":"Wu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Surgical Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.1097\/PAS.0b013e31823fe49c","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T20:38:57Z","timestamp":1786048737000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/00000478-201203000-00015"}},"subtitle":["Salient Features and Considerations in Pathologic Diagnosis"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]},"references-count":72,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/pas.0b013e31823fe49c","relation":{},"ISSN":["0147-5185"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0147-5185","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]}}}